Historical Encyclopedia: (University of Western Australia
Press), p. 95
.
97
McCulloch (2008), Op Cit. p. 68.
98
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no.10903: Re: mineral claims. Both C.S.R. and A.B.A. have by
frequent visits abroad endeavoured to build up the market for blue fibre. 14 September 1959. Motley
Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10195: Malcolm King’s letter to director re Costs, 7 October 1959: 1957 -
₤
181,600 [$363,200]; 1958 -
₤
476,800 [$953,600]; 1959 -
₤
303,500 [$607,000].
296
further capital expenditure. The profit and loss statement for 1960 proved much more
encouraging:
Asbestos: Australian Blue Asbestos Ltd is consolidating
its position as a supplier of asbestos to the Australian
and overseas markets and production capacity is being
raised. Sales for the year ended March, 1960 showed a
further increase.
99
By 1962 the scenario had changed again. The company did not envisage providing
capital for further expansion unless there was a marked change in economic prospects and
certainty of future markets.
100
The next year ABA Limited seemed more optimistic regarding
their market position because while its market for blue asbestos had been adversely
affected, among other things, by overproduction and price cutting by the South African
producers, they expected improvement in their market position because of
the comparatively rapid lift in the standard of living in
Eastern countries and in South America. This will call for
a vast amount of water supply and sewerage work
involving the use of asbestos cement pipes and building
materials.
101
Nevertheless in 1964 the company implemented cost cutting measures which led to
an increase in worker exodus, with replacements difficult to obtain. This hampered the
company’s efforts to reach the target of 250 tons per week needed to cover operating
expenses.
102
In 1966, three months before CSR announced the Wittenoom closure, the
company’s report on its Profit and Loss appropriation account showed an accumulated loss
of $2,500,000, with cash outgoings amounting to $850,000 per annum.
103
The report had
also made brief reference to the Dust and Asbestos Hazards:
We have greatly improved the dust collection system…
as more medical work is done on asbestosis and allied
complaints, the more the opinion appears to be
hardening as to the long term effect on even mild
exposure… as time goes on more… costly measures will
99
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10234: CSR Profit And Loss Account for the year ended 31 March
1960, p.10.
100
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10196: Letter from C. Broadhurst to ABA Limited General
Superintendent, Re: Fibre Sales: Mr. Thomas’ report on markets, 17 January 1962.
101
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10554: The ABA Story (1963), Chapter 12.
102
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10507: Letter from the District Inspector of Mines (Port Hedland)
to the Senior Inspector of Mines, 25 February 1964.
103
In 1966 Australia had changed to a decimal currency monetary system. Motley Rice Plaintiff’s
Exhibit no. 10828: Australian Blue Asbestos Pty. Ltd. signed by K. O. Brown, 29 September 1966,
pp.1 & 6.
297
be called for to prevent exposure to asbestos dust and
short fibres.
104
Mines Inspectors’ reports were at odds with K. O. Brown’s summation regarding the
improvements to the dust collection system. Most had continued to highlight the dust
problem, despite what one inspector described in 1962 as the company’s praiseworthy
efforts to control it. The inspector warned, however, that as the output from the mill was
raised, a corresponding deterioration of working conditions could be expected.
105
In fact,
throughout the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, the conditions in the mine and the mill had
remained hazardous, regardless of the Mines Inspectors’ recommendations and their
unannounced visits to ascertain conditions. The inspectors regularly drew ABA Limited’s
attention to the need for dust suppression at its source, the installation and proper mounting
of ventilation and exhaust equipment, the regular maintenance of exhaust ducts when
perforated by the abrasive dust, and the replacement of equipment with more efficient
systems as existing ones failed to do the job.
106
Few of the Mines Inspectors’ corrective
measures were ever implemented. Often the measures carried out by ABA Limited were to
satisfy Mines Inspectors, and only served to distort the actual dusty conditions. As one Mines
Inspector reported to the State Mining Engineer in 1950, “I visited and inspected the
workings of this mine and found conditions generally fairly good… there is every possibility
that the management was aware of my intentions and had conditions prepared”.
107
Occasionally the visits of the State Mining Engineer and Mines Inspectors’ to
Wittenoom occurred in response to union concerns about conditions in the mill and the
104
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10828: Australian Blue Asbestos Pty. Ltd. signed by K. O. Brown,
29 September 1966, p. 9.
105
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10489: Letter from the District Inspector of Mines to Senior
Inspector of Mines, 13 October 1962.
106
See, for example, Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10578. A.E. Lloyd, District Inspector’s report on
Wittenoom to the State Mining Engineer, 26 November, 1948. Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no.
10593. A. E. Lloyd, District Inspector’s report on Wittenoom to the State Mining Engineer, 13 October
1950. Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10272: J. Boyland Report on recent inspections of Northwest
and Kimberley, 25 May 1952. Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10407: Senior Inspector Boyland
writing to State Mining Engineer regarding ventilation in the mine and mill. 19 September 1960. Motley
Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10457: Letter from A. W. Ibbottson, District Inspector of Mines to Wittenoom
manager, Re: Under the provisions of section 22 of the Mines Regulation Act, 6 December 1961.
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10483: Letter to the Wittenoom manager, Re: conditions throughout
the mine have deteriorated considerably since the last inspection, 25 July 1962. Motley Rice Plaintiff’s
Exhibit no. 10364: Letter from Department of Mines, A. J. Murphy to Dr McNulty, Re: dust counts and
temperatures, 24 June 1965.
107
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10261: District Inspector of Mines, J. Boyland’s report to the State
Mining Engineer, 14 February 1950 on his visit to Wittenoom on the 19 and 20 January.
298
inadequate ventilation in the mine.
108
The company’s acknowledgement of the dust problem
and the corrective measures they took were sufficient to satisfy the State Mining Engineer,
as we see in his comments to the AWU Secretary, T. Oliver. The State Mining Engineer
reported that dust suppression
has been exercising the minds of company officials for
some time now and they are continually endeavouring to
combat the nuisance. It is fully realized that the dust is a
nuisance not only to the men but to the maintenance of
the machinery.
109
Assurances such as the one the Wittenoom manager gave Mines Inspector Lloyd in
November 1948 would have continued to take the pressure off the mine management. Lloyd
reported to the State Mining Engineer that
The present plant would in the near future be discarded
and it was the intention of the company to erect a new
plant when sufficient data had been obtained as a result
of operating the present system.
110
Yet it took another ten years before the Colonial mill was built. In 1951, in response to
concerns of both the Mines Inspectors and the Commissioner of Public Health, the
management appointed its own ventilation officer to the mine.
111
When ABA acted on a
Mines Inspector’s request, they made a point of informing him:
In conformity with your request in our Mine Inspection
Record Book, we wish to advise that the following work
has been carried out on the dust problem in the mill.
Along with improvements to suction ducts, dust hoods
being fitted to a number of places, regular checks on
collectors with duct work being inspected daily for dust
obstructions.
112
The concluding point was meant to assure inspectors they were continuing to combat the
nuisance:
108
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10146: C. T. Oliver, secretary AWU’s correspondence to J.
Foxall, State Mining Engineer, 19 April 1948. Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no: 10256: State Mining
Engineer Foxall’s letter to AWU Secretary, T. Oliver, 10 May 1948. Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no.
10278: AWU, AEU, ETU and the Boilermakers unions writing to the District Inspector of Mines, 3
February 1958. Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10289: C. Reen, AWU representative writing to
Mines Inspector Hunt, 5 March 1958.
109
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no: 10256: State Mining Engineer Foxall’s letter to AWU Secretary, T.
Oliver, 10 May 1948.
110
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no: 10578: A.E. Lloyd’s report to the State Mining Engineer
(Department of Mines), on the state of the Wittenoom mine and mill, 26 November 1948.
111
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no: 10722: slide no. 121, Memo from the Under Secretary for Mines
to the Commissioner for Public Health, August 1951.
112
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10225: correspondence from Thomas, acting ABA manager at
Wittenoom to District Inspector of Mines, 21 June 1955. Steps taken to eliminate dust.
299
The above changes have greatly improved conditions
within the mill, and our engineering staff in conjunction
with the mill superintendent, are investigating all possible
avenues of improvement. Should the tariff inquiry prove
favourable, we should be in a position to proceed with a
wet milling circuit, in which case the dust hazard should
become a thing of the past.
113
ABA management, nevertheless, was often “resentful and non-committal and
prefer[red] to delay any action for as long as possible just to indicate that they were not
forced into immediate action.”
114
At other times, the Wittenoom management fully intended to
follow Mines Inspectors directives, outlining proposed alterations and improvements to head
office for their approval before proceeding.
115
The company’s policy to control costs and their
direct involvement in the running of the mine is apparent in the ABA Managing Director’s
hand written comment on correspondence from the Mine Manager, Osborne Allan: “Only if
we agree”. It had been in response to Allan’s comment: “He [the Mines Inspector] has
approved of the plan and we are doing everything we possibly can to bring the mine and mill
up to the standard they require”.
116
Over time, nonetheless, the zeal with which some Mines Inspectors reported on the
conditions, decreased, possibly influenced by several factors: the inspector had been worn
down by ABA Limited’s inertia in carrying out his directives; he found it easier to acquiesce to
a senior officer’s direction to be less rigorous in his dealings with management, or he may
have been influenced by the development of a closer working relationship with a company
official. Mines Inspector Boyland’s steadfastness in monitoring the working conditions is
evident in his report in 1950:
As I had already stopped every development place
except two, until adequate
ventilation was supplied, I feel
confident that the management now fully understands my
methods and knows that supervision must be tightened. I
am satisfied that all matters which were lacking… are
113
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10225: correspondence from Thomas, acting ABA manager at
Wittenoom to District Inspector of Mines, 21
June 1955. Steps taken to eliminate dust.
114
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10292: Mines Inspector A.W. Ibbottson writing to Senior Inspector
of Mines, 3 April 1958.
115
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10454: Letter from Wittenoom manager to Senior Inspector of
Mines, 20 November 1962.
116
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10195: 7 October 1959, Malcolm King, CSR pro Managing
Director, writing to the Director ABA Limited, Perth to keep costs down. “Consideration should be
given to the method of operating the plant to achieve minimum costs…” Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit
no. 10453: 17 November 1961. O. A. Allan writing to ABA General Manager regarding proposed
improvements in the mine.
300
now being brought up to scratch and Mr Hunter will make
periodical calls to maintain a high degree of efficiency. I
shall also return to the mine and check up.
117
While other inspectors continued to report on the unsatisfactory conditions, Boyland
became more congenial in his dealings with the company. In 1956 he focused on the air of
optimism in the district, noting “it would appear that ABA is on the threshold of very
prosperous times”.
118
Two years later, Boyland, now Senior Inspector of Mines, reprimanded
Mines Inspector Ibbottson for the same zeal he had himself displayed in 1950 . Ibbottson’s
view, similar to that expressed by the union, was that conditions in Wittenoom only improved
when management had prepared for the expected arrival of the Mines Inspectors.
119
Boyland
questioned Ibbottson’s ethics for arriving unannounced at Wittenoom. In Boyland’s opinion
this was “to be deplored and discouraged”. Boyland’s report to the State Mining Engineer
was more tempered: “He [Ibbottson] certainly covered the whole ground when he made his
recording for the Record Book but I am afraid he has overstepped his powers”.
120
Yet four years later, frustrated by “all kinds of promises [that] have been made by
management and very few fulfilled”, Boyland appeared more resolute to bring ABA Limited to
task over their lack of “total and concerted effort…in the matter of improving conditions”.
121
On one occasion when the threat of closure was raised, CSR drafted a response should the
Senior Inspector serve notice: “employees would be stood down without pay”.
122
Company
correspondence to Mines Inspectors noting improvements served to delay the threatened
prosecution of the mine’s administration.
123
Threats of prosecution or closure by the Senior Inspector of Mines — for failure to
117
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10722: slide no. 133, Copy from file M.D. 523/49, 19 June 1950,
Inspector Boyland is reporting to the State Mining Engineer on his visit to Wittenoom with Workmen’s
Inspector Hunter.
118
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10278: Mines Inspector J. Boyland writing to the State Mining
Engineer, 28 June 1956.
119
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10289: C. Reen, AWU representative writing to Mines Inspector
Hunt, 5 March 1958, to attend Wittenoom unannounced.
120
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10293: Letter from J. Boyland, Senior Inspector of Mines to State
Mining Engineer, 9 April 1958.
121
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10476: Letter from Senior Inspector of Mines to State Mining
Engineer – Ventilation – Australian Blue Asbestos Ltd Wittenoom, 11 April 1962. Motley Rice Plaintiff’s
Exhibit no. 10479: Letter from Senior Inspector of Mines to State Mining Engineer — Ventilation
Report – June 1962 — 20 July 1962
122
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10455: Letter from ProManaging Director ABA Limited, Malcolm
King to General Superitendent ABA Limited, Perth, 30 November 1961.
123
Motely Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10454: Letter from Wittenoom manager to Senior Inspector of
Mines, 20 November 1962.
301
follow the Mines Regulation Act — were, however, never carried out despite Boyland’s
acknowledgement that: “all kinds of promises have been made by the company but very few
fulfilled”.
124
In 1962 the Department of Mines took the easier path: they prosecuted four
miners — three of whom appear to have Italian surnames — for their failure to heed the
Mines Regulations Act. The mine administration did not dismiss them because labour was
hard to find.
125
The only restriction which seems to have been enforced upon the company
was to limit production in view of the dust hazard.
126
The delays inherent in all these
discussions allowed CSR to drag its feet, with workers exposed to dust levels much higher
than the recommended 176 p. p. c. c.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |