«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

 
 
Questions for self-control: 
1.How did Dr. Buranov classify Comparative Typology? 
2.What does linguistic typology study? 
3.What can you say about different viewpoints to the Linguistic typology? 
4.Speak about differences between linguistic and non-linguistic typologies. 
5.What methods of investigation do you know? 
Recommended Literatures: 
1. Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков. 
Ленинград, 1979. 
2. Буранов Ж. Инглиз ва ўзбек тиллари қиѐсий грамматикаси. Тошкент, 1973. 
3. David Crystal. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Oxford: Blackwell, 
1991. 
4. Robbins Burling, Patterns of Language. Structure, Variation, Change. San 
Diego: Academic Press, 1992. 
5. William Croft. Typology and Universals. Cambridge UNI Press, 2003. 
6. Comparative-Historical Linguistics. (n.d.) The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd 
Edition. 
(1970-1979). 
Retrieved 
August 
1, 
2016, 
from 
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Comparative-Historical+Linguistics 
 

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19 
LECTURE 4. BRANCHES OF COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY 
Problems for discussion: 
1. Branches of Comparative Typology as to the levels of language hierarchy 
2.
 
Branches of Comparative Typology as to two plans of language 
3. Approaches to language description
 
Key words: 
Comparison, substantial features, synchronically and diachronically, 
major role, typology as a science, independent science
 
 
1. Branches of Comparative Typology as to the levels of language hierarchy 
 
Comparative Typology operates at all levels of language hierarchy without 
exception. In other words, it can compare the units of phonetic, phonological, 
morphological, syntactic and lexical levels. 
In comparison with other levels the given level is more isolated and at the same 
time, its sections are more developed from the typological point of view. Inside the 
phonological level, actually phonologic and phonetic sublevels are identified. 
Phonetic and phonological typology
deals with 
thecomparison of units of the phonologic level of 
language. It engages in theallocation of 
phonological differential signs, defining their 
universality, study of thephonological structure of 
languages, classification of languages on the basis of 
their phonological features (e.g. tonic and atonic 
languages), defining thephonemic structure of world 
languages and many others. For a long time,the 
Prague linguistic school was the center of 
Phonological typology.
A certain contribution to thedevelopment of 
Phonological 
typology 
was 
made 
by 
N.S.Trubetskoywho is considered the founder of Typology of Phonological systems. 
R.Yakobson, G.Fant, M.Halle also worked in this area. Later other sides of 
Phonological typology were developed by such scientists as Ch. Hockett, K.Vegelin, 
T.Milevsky, 
P.Menzerat, 
V.Skalichka, 
A.Martine, 
M.I.Lekomtseva, 
T.J.EUzarenkova, Abduazizov A.A., G.P.Melnikov,and others. 

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Major achievements of Phonological typology relate to the allocated cases 
phonologic universals, N.S.Trubetskoy‘s differential signs, I.Kramskoy, 
P.Kovaleva‘s quantitative criteria, supra-segmental typological classification on tone 
and accent by A.Martine‘s, numerous researches on acomparison of phonological 
systems of various languages. 
The circle of research in 
Morphological typology
is very wide. It compares the 
units of a morphological level. Depending on the character of research the morpho-
logical typology can classify into two types: 

Morphological typology engaged in the morphological classification 
of languages;

Morphological typology engaged in