Think Again

searching for self-justifications for our prior beliefs
: Joel Brockner, “The Escalation of
Commitment to a Failing Course of Action: Toward Theoretical Progress,” Academy of
Management Review 17 (1992): 39–61.
soothe our egos
: Dustin J. Sleesman et al., “Cleaning Up the Big Muddy: A Meta-analytic Review
of the Determinants of Escalation of Commitment,” Academy of Management Journal 55 (2012):
541–62.
Grit is the combination
: Jon M. Jachimowicz et al., “Why Grit Requires Perseverance and Passion
to Positively Predict Performance,” PNAS 115 (2018): 9980–85; Angela Duckworth and James J.
Gross, “Self-Control and Grit: Related but Separable Determinants of Success,” Current
Directions in Psychological Science 23 (2014): 319–25.
more likely to overplay their hands in roulette
: Larbi Alaoui and Christian Fons-Rosen, “Know
When to Fold ’Em: The Grit Factor,” Universitat Pompeu Fabra: Barcela GSE Working Paper
Series (2018).

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more willing to stay the course
: Gale M. Lucas et al., “When the Going Gets Tough: Grit Predicts
Costly Perseverance,” Journal of Research in Personality 59 (2015): 15–22; see also Henry
Moon, “The Two Faces of Conscientiousness: Duty and Achievement Striving in Escalation of
Commitment Dilemmas,” Journal of Applied Psychology 86 (2001): 533–40.
gritty mountaineers are more likely to die
: Lee Crust, Christian Swann, and Jacquelyn Allen-
Collinson, “The Thin Line: A Phenomenological Study of Mental Toughness and Decision
Making in Elite High-Altitude Mountaineers,” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 38
(2016): 598–611.
what psychologists call identity foreclosure
: Wim Meeus et al., “Patterns of Adolescent Identity
Development: Review of Literature and Longitudinal Analysis,” Developmental Review 19
(1999): 419–61.