Materials
2020
,
13
, 4625
21 of 37
researchers have applied MOFs to block LiPS while facilitating Li-ion conduction by applying their
porous structures and insulating property [
92
].
MOFs are frequently used in the coating process with GO or carbon nanotube (CNT) because of
their weak mechanical and poor conductive properties. Zhou group conducted a study to improve the
performance of a separator by combining a MOF and GO [
92
]. The parallel GO layer was coated on the
uniform crystalline MOF nanoparticles. Cu
3
(BTC)
2
(HKUST-1) was used as the MOF. Its 9Å pore size
was smaller than that of LiPS. Therefore, it could decrease the shuttle e
ff
ect. In their study, the poor
cyclic life of the MOF separator exhibited an increasing LiPS crossover during the cycles. However,
the GO in MOF@GO acted as a barrier and increased Li-ion conduction. The MOF@GO-separator
LSB exhibited an initial capacity of 1126 mAh g
−
1
and a capacity reduction of 0.019% per cycle for
1500 cycles.
Chen group prepared CNT and MOF separators [
142
]. A zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)
was used as MOF and combined with MWCNTs (CNT@ZIF). The nano-sized MOF particles were
not evenly dispersed and tended to gather (Figure
13
). Such agglomeration causes non-uniform
coating, which causes LiPS to pass through the separator. Therefore, Zn ions were added to MWCNTs
to evenly disperse them.
Additionally, CNT@ZIF composites were coated onto one side of a PP
membrane. Because MWCNTs are electron conductors, coating the separator film is a simple approach
to e
ffi
ciently use the sulfur cathode. However, if MWCNTs penetrate the separator, a short circuit
can be induced owing to the electronic conductivity of carbon. Additionally, by adding MWCNTs, a
separator that can have both ionic conductivity and mechanical strength can be obtained. Therefore, a
high capacity of 1588 mAh g
−
1
can be obtained at 0.2 C, and a 36.2% higher capacity retention can be
obtained in LSBs compared with batteries with commercial separators for the first 100 cycles. Park
group synthesized a functional separator by applying the vacuum filtering of MOF and Nafion on a
PE membrane [
143
]. Zr
6
O
4
(OH)
4
(BDC)
6
(BDC
=
1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), termed as UiO-66, was
used as the MOF. A sulfonic acid functional group (-SO
3
H) was attached to the MOF. Since UiO-66
has a smaller pore size than LiPS, it can block LiPS and -SO
3
H can prevent LiPS di
ff
usion through
electrostatic repulsion. Here, Nafion acts as a framework of the separator and provides a selective
ion channel.
Materials
2020
,
13
, x
22 of 38
separator LSB exhibited an initial capacity of 1126 mAh g
−
1
and a capacity reduction of 0.019% per
cycle for 1500 cycles.
Chen group prepared CNT and MOF separators [142]. A zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)
was used as MOF and combined with MWCNTs (CNT@ZIF). The nano-sized MOF
particles were not
evenly dispersed and tended to gather (Figure 13). Such agglomeration causes non-uniform coating,
which causes LiPS to pass through the separator. Therefore, Zn ions were added to MWCNTs to
evenly disperse them. Additionally, CNT@ZIF composites were coated onto one side of a PP
membrane. Because MWCNTs are electron conductors, coating the separator
film is a simple
approach to efficiently use the sulfur cathode. However, if MWCNTs penetrate the separator, a short
circuit can be induced owing to the electronic conductivity of carbon. Additionally,
by adding
MWCNTs, a separator that can have both ionic conductivity and mechanical strength can be
obtained. Therefore, a high capacity of 1588 mAh g
−
1
can be obtained at 0.2 C, and a 36.2% higher
capacity retention can be obtained in LSBs compared with batteries with commercial separators for
the first 100 cycles. Park group synthesized a functional separator by applying the vacuum filtering
of MOF and Nafion on a PE membrane [143]. Zr
6
O
4
(OH)
4
(BDC)
6
(BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate),
termed as UiO-66, was used as the MOF. A sulfonic acid functional group (-SO
3
H) was attached to
the MOF. Since UiO-66 has a smaller
pore size than LiPS, it can block LiPS and -SO
3
H can prevent
LiPS diffusion
through electrostatic repulsion. Here, Nafion acts as a framework of the separator and
provides a selective ion channel.
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