Dictionary of islamic architecture

See also:
Fulbe, Hausa, West Africa
Further reading:
D.Heathecote, ‘The Princess’s apartments in Kano Old
Treasury’, 
Savanna
2(1), 1973.
A.Leary, ‘A decorated palace in Kano’, 
Art and Archaeology
Research Papers
12: 1–17, 1977.
H.Palmer, ‘The Kano Chronicle’, in 
Sudanese Memoirs,
vol.
3, 1928.
kapilica
Turkish term for a specialized form of bath house,
or hammam, where the building is provided with
hot water from a thermal spring. Kapilicas usually
have swimming pools unlike the usual Ottoman bath
house.
Karaman (Laranda)
City in Konya region of Anatolia noted for its medieval
architecture.
In 1071 the Byzantine city of Laranda fell to the Seljuks
and remained under Muslim control until the present
day, except for a brief period when it was controlled
by the German emperor Frederick Barbarossa. In 1256
the city became the capital of the Karaman Oghulu
who established many fine buildings in the city. In
1300 the name of the city was changed to Karaman
although by 1321 the capital was moved to Konya. In
1397 the city was briefly occupied by the Ottomans
but managed to regain its independence after 1402
until it was finally incorporated into the Ottoman
Empire in 1415.
Undoubtedly the most famous building in
Karaman is the Hatuniye Madrassa built in 1381–2
by Sultan Khatun, the wife of the Karamanid 
Ala
al-Din Beg. The building has a projecting entrance
portal carved in high relief and flanked by two small
domed rooms. The coloured marble doorway is
recessed within the portal frame and covered by a
tall muqarnas hood in the Seljuk tradition. Inside
there is a rectangular courtyard with a vaulted
dershane and three cells on each side with an iwan
flanked by two domed rooms opposite the entrance.
The entrance to the domed rooms flanking the iwan
are richly carved with vegetal, epigraphic and
abstract motifs. Originally the interior of the
madrassa was covered in hexagonal dark turquoise-
green tiles although most of these have
disappeared.
Other important monuments in the city include
the khanqah of Sheikh 
Ala al-Din built in 1460 the
imaret of Ibrahim Beg and the turbe of 
Ala al-Din.
The citadel and city walls of Karaman seem to have
been destroyed in the fifteenth century and the
present fortifications were probably erected in the
sixteenth. The present Great Mosque has been
radically restored and also seems to date from the
late sixteenth century.