Free To Choose: a personal Statement

Power. Nick Eberstadt, "Has China Failed?" The New York Review
of Books, April 5, 1979, p. 37, notes, "In China, . . . income distribu-
tion seems very roughly to have been the same since 1953."
5. Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, Culture and the City ( Lexington: Univer-
sity Press of Kentucky, 1976), pp. ix—x.
6. Ibid., pp. 212 and 31.
7. "The Forgotten Man," in Albert G. Keller and Maurice R. Davis, eds.,
Essays of William G. Sumner ( New Haven: Yale University Press,
1934), vol. I, pp. 466—96.
8. Robert Nozick, "Who Would Choose Socialism?" Reason, May 1978,
pp. 22-23.
9. Wealth of Nations, vol. I, p. 325 (Book II, Chap. III).
10. See Smith, The Russians, and Kaiser, Russia: The People and the
Power.

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Notes
319
11. Nick Eberstadt, "China: How Much Success," New York Review of
Books, May 3, 1979, pp. 40-41.
12. John Stuart Mill, The Principles of Political Economy (1848), 9th ed.
(London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1886), vol. II, p. 332 (Book IV,
Chap. VI).
CHAPTER 6
1. Leonard Billet, The Free Market Approach to Educational Reform,
Rand Paper P-6141 (Santa Monica, Calif.: The Rand Corporation,
1978), pp. 27-28.
2. From The Good Society, as quoted by Wallis in An Over-Governed
Society, p. viii.
3. Quoted by E. G. West, "The Political Economy of American Public
School Legislation," Journal of Law and Economics, vol. 10 (October
1967), pp. 101-28, quotation from p. 106.
4. Ibid., p. 108.
5. Note the misleading terminology. "Public" is equated with "govern-
mental," though in other contexts, as in "public utilities,
"
"public li-
braries," and so on, that is not done. In schooling, is there any relevant
sense in which Harvard College is less "public
"
than the University of
Massachusetts?
6. Ibid., p. 110.
7. R. Freeman Butts, Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol. 7 (1970), p. 992.
8. W. O. L. Smith, Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol. 7 (1970), p. 988.
9. Ibid., pp. 988-89.
10. E. G. West, Education and the State (London: The Institute of Eco-
nomic Affairs, 1965).
11. Gammon, Health and Security, p.
27.
12. We are indebted to Herbert Lobsenz and Cynthia Savo of Market Data
Retrieval for making these data available to us from their Education
Data Bank.
13. Indeed, many of these public schools can be regarded as, in effect, tax
loopholes. If they were private, the tuition charges would not be de-
ductible for purposes of the federal income tax. As public schools
financed by local taxes, the taxes are deductible.
14. One of us first proposed this voucher plan in Milton Friedman, "The
Role of Government in Education," in Robert A. Solo, ed., Economics
and the Public Interest ( New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University
Press, 1955). A revised version of this article is Chapter 6 of Capital-
ism and Freedom.
15. Ibid., p. 86.
16. See Christopher Jencks and associates, Education Vouchers: A Report

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320
FREE TO CHOOSE: A Personal Statement
on Financing Elementary Education by Grants to Parents ( Cambridge,
Mass.: Center for the Study of Public Policy, December 1970); John
E. Coons and Stephen D. Sugarman, Education by Choice: The Case
for Family Control (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978).
17. Coons and Sugarman, Education by Choice, p. 191.
18. Ibid., p. 130.
19. Wealth of Nations, vol. II, p. 253 (Book V, Chap. I).
20. For example, the Citizens for Educational Freedom, the National Asso-
ciation for Personal Rights in Education.
21. Education Voucher Institute, incorporated in May 1979 in Michigan.
22. Kenneth B. Clark, "Alternative Public School Systems,
"
in the special
issue on Equal Educational Opportunity of the Harvard Educational