Таҳририят: Бош муҳаррир – Т. Аҳмедов Масъул муҳаррир – А. Юлдашев

Table 1. 
Descriptive statistics of the selected variables
Variables
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
N
Mean
Median
Std. dev.
Min
Max
(Log of) Sales
1,827
20.66
20.66
2.344
11.28
32.24
International certificate
1,995
0.145
0.145
0.352
0
1
Firm age
1,973
11.71
11.71
10.55
1
113
Competition
1,995
0.492
0.492
0.500
0
1
Finance
1,995
0.231
0.231
0.421
0
1
Export
1,995
0.143
0.143
0.351
0
1
Formal training
1,995
0.191
0.191
0.394
0
1
Female top manager
1,995
0.0992
0.0992
0.299
0
1
Firm size
1,995
1.116
1.116
0.889
0
3
Corruption
1,995
0.217
0.217
0.412
0
1
Source: 
The authors’ estimates.
As can be seen from Table 1, on average, the log of 
total annual sales of firms in the sample is accounted 
for 20.66. Around 14.5% of firms in the sample possess 
internationally recognized quality certification. 49.2% 
of firms reported having more than 100 competitors in 
the main market in which the establishment sells its 
main product. At the same time, 14.3% of firms export 
their products or services.
In terms of firm characteristics, the average age of 
firms in the sample is estimated to be 11.71 years. In 
this context, it is important to note that the highest firm 
age in the sample is 113 years, which is almost 10 times 
the average age of firms in the sample. On average, 
21.7% of firms reported corruption to be an obstacle to 
the current operations of the establishment.
As can be seen from Table 2, the sectoral 
composition of firms in the sample is divided into six 
manufacturing industries and two service industries 
(Retail trade and other services), whose share is about 
45% of the sample.