International Journal of Regional Development issn 2373-9851 2018

International Journal of Regional Development 
ISSN 2373-9851 
2018
 
58 
Table 5. Mediation results 
Hypotheses 
Direct effect 
Indirect effect 
Results 
UncA-Proa-OppoE 
-0.253*** 
-0.198* 
Partial mediation 
Indiv-Proa-OppoE 
0.472* 
0.292(ns) 
Full mediation 
PD-Proa-OppoE 
0.093(ns) 
0.016(ns) 
No mediation 
Ns=non-significant, *p≤0.05, **p≤0.01 ***p≤0.001. 
Uncertainty avoidance was found to be partially mediated because it remained significant 
(but reduced) after mediation which H5-i was partially supported. On the other hand, 
individualism was found to be full mediated because it became insignificant after the 
mediation variable involved which H5-ii was supported. There was no mediation between 
power distance and entrepreneurs’ opportunities exploitation of new venture activities; 
therefore, hypothesis 5-iii was not supported. This relationship has been shown in figure 
3.0.However; the estimated structural model could not evaluate the significance of the 
indirect effects. That is, we assessed the significance of indirect effect using bootstrapping 
analysis. Bootstrapping was accomplished by creating a 95 percent confidence interval 
(percentile and bias-corrected) around the indirect effect estimates. Consistent with the 
standard decision criteria, the indirect effect was considered significant when the 
corresponding confidence intervals excluded zero, otherwise it was regarded as insignificant 
(MacKinnon et al., 2004). 
Figure 3. Structural model showing the direct and indirect effect regarding the study 
6. Discussion and Conclusions 
Our study explores the way through which culture influences entrepreneurs’ opportunities 
exploitation of new venture activities in Tanzania entrepreneur. The literature lacks an 
0.016 

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