O n f e r e n c e

Challenge 
Impact 
Response 
Are the Design Principles 
for the model process 
generalisable? 
Is it worthwhile research? 
Model process with re-
useable code which could 
be transferred, re-useable 
resources within the 
process 
Trial on second IL 2014 
Is the model process 
sustainable? 
Costs of developing the 
model would be too high 
as a one-off venture 
The model could not be 
used by the community for 
further development 
without outsider assistance 
Separating code and data 
and resources 
Re-useable code 
Re-useable resources 
Creation of an ‘editing’ 
interface 
The major challenges in this study stemmed from the lack of previous research in CALL 
for IL. Specifically, the difference in the language ecologies of written and unwritten 
languages meant that previous research and outcomes for CALL in CSL needed to be 
questioned; the different epistemologies of Western and Indigenous participants meant 
that much time was spent in building relationships in order to achieve participation in the 
project; finally, the ongoing ramifications of coloniality meant that participants did not 
have access to many of the resources that are taken for granted in Western/CSL 
contexts, including a history of CALL. DBR proved to be a very appropriate way of 
investigating the larger issue through providing a bounded method for the development 
of a process and consequently a CALL program for IL within the wider context of a critical 
study of the responsiveness of CALL to IL. In particular, DBR affords the opportunity to 
bridge the chasm we see between research and practice. I thank the Nyikina people for 
their generosity and patience in sharing their language, culture and country with me 
while I worked on this project. 
References 
AIATSIS (Australian Institute of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Studies) 
(Cartographer). (2008). Aboriginal Australia.
Bessarab, D., & Ng'andu, B. (2010). Yarning about yarning as a legitimate method in 
Indigenous research. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies, 3(1), 37-50.
Bhabha, H. (1990). The third space: interview with Homi Bhabha. Identity: Community, 
culture, difference, 207-221.

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2014 CALL Conference 
LINGUAPOLIS
www.antwerpcall.be 
Brown, H. D. (2007). Teaching by principles: An integrated approach to language 
pedagogy. White Plains: Longman, 2.
Cárdenas-Claros, M. S., & Gruba, P. A. (2009). Bridging CALL & HCI: Input from