Introduction to Health and Safety at Work



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introduction to health safety at work

Eye protection
Eye protection comes in three forms – spectacles (safety 
glasses), goggles and face visors. Eyes may be damaged 
by chemical and solvent splashes or vapours, fl ying par-
ticles, molten metals or plastics, non-ionizing radiation 
(arc welding and lasers) and dust. Spectacles are suit-
able for low-risk hazards (low speed particles such as 
machine swarf). Some protection against scratching of 
the lenses can be provided but this is the common rea-
son for replacement. Prescription lenses are also avail-
able for people who normally wear spectacles.
Goggles are best to protect the eyes from dust or 
solvent vapours because they fi t tightly around the 
eyes. Visors offer protection to the face as well as the 
eyes and do not steam up so readily in hot and humid 
environments. For protection against very bright lights, 
special light fi ltering lenses are used (e.g. in arc welding). 
Maintenance and regular cleaning are essential for the 
effi cient operation of eye protection.
When selecting eye protection, several factors need 
to be considered. These include the nature of the hazard 
(the severity of the hazard and its associated risk will 
determine the quality of protection required), comfort 
and user acceptability, compatibility with other personal 
protective equipment, training and maintenance require-
ments and costs.
Protective clothing
Protective clothing includes aprons, boots and headgear 
(hard hats and bump caps). Aprons are normally made 
of PVC and protect against spillages but can become 
uncomfortable to wear in hot environments. Other lighter 
fabrics are available for use in these circumstances. 
Safety footwear protects against falling objects, colli-
sion with hard or sharp objects, hot or molten materials, 
slippery surfaces and against chemical spills. They have 
a metal toe-cap and come in the form of shoes, ankle 
boots or knee-length boots and are made of a variety 
of materials dependent on the particular hazard (e.g. 
thermally insulated against cold environments). They 
must be used with care near live unprotected electri-
city. Specialist advice is needed for use with fl ammable 
liquids.
It is important to note that appropriate personal 
protective equipment should be made available to 
visitors and other members of the public when visiting 
workplaces where hazardous substances are being 
used. It is also important to stress that managers and 
supervisors must lead by example, particularly if there is 
a legal requirement to wear particular personal protective 
equipment. Refusals by employees to wear mandatory 
personal protective equipment must lead to some form 
of disciplinary action.

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