„ Ignalarini o ‘z¡ bilan olib yuradi,
Tikishni esa b ilm a yd i“.
T a r b i y a c h i s o kra y d i: N i m a u c h u n „ T i k i s h n i b i l m a v d i “
d eyilgan? Y a n a q a n d a y ig n alar bor, u l a r n i m a u c h u n kerak?
( T ik u v ig n a la r i, ti k is h u c h u n . ) T i p r a t i k a n n i n g ignaiari b ila n
tikish u c h u n is h la tila d ig a n ig n a la r nim asi bilan o ‘xshash? (u la r
o 't k i r , u z u n , i n g i c h k a . )
T a r b iy a c h i „ T i p r a t i k a n l a r “ ra s m in i („ Y ovvoyi h a y v o n l a r “
seriyali r a s m l a r d a n ) k o ‘rsatadi. B olalarga u n i d iq q at bilan k o krib
c h i q i s h n i t a k l i f e t a d i va s a v o lla r b e r a d i: „ B u ra s m d a n i m a
t asv irlan g a n ? O n a t i p r a t i k a n n im a q ilyapti? T ip ra tik a n b olalari-
ch i? T i p r a t i k a n l a r n i m a yeydi? U n g a ig n a la r n im a u c h u n kerak?
U q a n d a y ? T i p r a t i k a n n i n i m a b il a n t a q q o s l a s h m u m k i n ? “
Jav o b la rn i tin g la y d i va bolalarga tip r a tik a n la r h aq id a aytilganlarni
e s d a n c h i q a r m a s l i k n i aytadi. S h u rasm y u z a s id a n bir b o la n in g
hikoyasi:
„ O n a t i p r a t i k a n v a ti p r a ti k a n c h a l a r y a s h a s h a r ekan. K u n la r -
d a n b ir k u n i u l a r o ‘t l o q q a sayr qilgani b o ris h ib d i. O n a tip ra tik a n
s h i l i q q u r t l a r n i k o ‘r i b u la r g a tik ilib q a r a y b o s h l a b d i . Ik k ita
t i p r a t i k a n c h a e sa q o kn g ‘izga q a r a b o 'y la s h ib d i, bu kini e k a n , bitta
t i p r a t i k a n c h a e s a x u d d i k o p to k k a o ‘x sh a b , d u m - d u m a l o q boMib
o iib d i. Q o kn g ‘iz y i q i li b t u s h g a n e d i , t i p r a t i k a n c h a q o ' r q i b ,
t u m s h u g ‘ini i c h k a r i g a y a s h ird i“ .
Ik k in c h i b i r b o l a n i n g hikoyasi: „ B i r b o r e k a n , b ir y o ‘q
ekan. O n a t i p r a t ik a n bilan tip ra tik a n c h a la r y a s h a r ekan. K u n la rd a n
b ir k u n u l a r s a y r q ilg a n i b o g kga b o r is h ib d i . O n a t i p r a t i k a n
sh iliq q u rtn i k o ‘rib q o ld i. Ikkita k i c h k in a tik an li ti p r a ti k a n c h a l a r
c h u v a lc h a n g n i k o 'r i b q olib, u n g a q a r a b turishibdi va q a n d a y
t a q s im la b o lis h g a h a y r o n “ .
U c h i n c h i b o l a n i n g h i k o y a s i : „ T i p r a t i k a n c h a l a r va o n a
t ip ra tik a n y a s h a r e k a n . K u n l a r d a n b i r k u n u la r o 'r m o n g a sayr
qilgani b o rishibdi. Ikkita tip ratik an ch a q o ‘n g kizni ushlab olishdi va
uni taqsim la y o l i s h m a d i. U lar qarasalar, sh o x -sh a b b a la rn in g ostida
bir k o kk ran g d ag i d u m - d u m a l o q narsa. Bu u la rn in g akalari b o klib,
u q o l r q q a n id a n x u d d i k o p t o k k a o kx s h a b d u m - d u m a l o q b o ‘lib
o igan edi. U l a r a k a la rig a q a r a y o tg a n la r id a , qo*ngkizlar q o c h i b
q o lis h d i“ .
T a r b iy a c h i b o l a l a r d a n k i m n in g hikoyasi nim asi bilan k o ‘p ro q
y o q q a n lig in i, h a r b i r tin g la g an h ik o y a la r id a q a n d a y yangi va
qiziqarli n a r s a l a r n i esh itg an lik larin i s o ‘rab oladi.
K a tta g u r u h b o la la r i sek in -a sta lik b ila n ra s m d a ta svirlanga n
tab iat m a n z a r a l a r i n i (p eyzajni) tasvirlash bilan o kz hikoyalarini
to 'ld irib b o ra d ila r. M asa la n , „ Q is h k i o ‘y i n l a r “ rasm i y u z a s i d a n
bola s h u n d a y hikoya qilishi m u m k in : „ B u ra s m d a qish îasvirlangan.
K u n iliq va q u y o sh li. O s m o n k o ‘m - k o kk, b e g 'u b o r .. . “ . R a s m
b o 'y i c h a h ik o y a qilishga b u n d a y ta s v ir l a s h n i kiritish b o l a l a r n i
m anzarali (peyzajli) va n a tu rm o rt ra s m la r b o 'y i c h a hikoya tu z is h g a
tayyorlaydi. Bu h i k o y a turi m a k t a b g a t a y y o r lo v g u r u h i d a tashk.il
etiladi. B olalarni m an z a ra li va n a t u r m o r t r a s m l a r b o 'y i c h a h i k o y a
q i l i s h g a o ‘ r g a t i s h n i n g q i z i q a r l i v a s a m a r a l i u s l u b i y o t i n i
N . M. Z u b a r e v a ishlab c h i q q a n . J u m l a d a n , u s h b u u slu b iy o tn i u
q u y id a g ic h a y o ritad i: „B o lalarn i m a n z a r a l i r a s m n i idrok q ilis h g a
s e k in -a s ta lik b ila n , u la rn in g e m o t s i o n a l kayflyatlariga t a y a n g a n
h o ld a , ta b ia tn i k u z a tish bilan b o g l a b o ‘rg a tib boriladi. M a n z a r a li
rasm ni idrok qilishni tevarak-atrofdagi t a b i a t n i n g ra ng-bara ngligini
va c h i r o y i n i k u z a tis h bilan ( q u y o s h n i n g c h iq is h i va b o t i s h i ,
m o m a q a l d i r o q , o q s h o m , o b - h a v o ( b u l u t l i , o c h i q ) , i z g ' i r i n
s h a m o l va b o s h q a la r ) b o g l a b olib b o ris h k e ra k . M an z ara li r a s m n i
k o 'r i b c h i q i s h d a q u y id a g i s a v o l l a r d a n f o y d a l a n i s h m a q s a d g a
m uv o fiq d ir: R a s s o m bizga bu o ‘r m o n h a q i d a ( u s h b u d a r a x t ,
m a y s a z o r , o ' t l o q h a q i d a ) n i m a l a r n i h i k o y a q ilib b e r m o q c h i
b o ‘l g a n ? N i m a u c h u n r a s s o m o ‘z i n i n g r a s m i n i s h u n d a y
n o m l a g a n ? R a s s o n ig a n i m a q i z i q r o q , c h i r o y l i r o q k o ‘r i n a d i ?
T a r b iy a c h i n i n g „ n i m a h a q i d a . .. “ , „ n i m a t o ' g ‘risid a...w d e g a n
savollari r a s m n i n g tavsifini an iq la sh g a , t a b i a t n ianzarasi t o ‘g ‘risida
a n i q tav sif b e r is h g a y o rd a m b e ra d i. U y o k i b u r a s m n in g b a d i iy
g ‘oyasini yaxshi tu sh u n ish va a n iq la s h u c h u n m u s i q a d a n , p o e t i k
( s h e 'r i y ) a s a r l a r d a n f o y d a la n i s h m a ' q u l . Bu b o l a l a r d a , b i r
t o m o n d a n , b a r q a r o r d iq q a tn in g v u ju d g a k elish ig a y o rd a m b e r s a .
ik k in c h i t o m o n d a n , u l a rn in g k a y f iy a tin i k o kt a r a d i, ta s v i r l a s h
u c h u n o ' x s h a t i s h l a r , e p i t c t l a r , t a q q o s l a s h l a r va k i n o y a l a r n i
t a n las h g a y o r d a m b e r a d i“ .
M a s a l a n , S a f o O c h i l n i n g , „ K o kk l a m q o ' s h i g ' P , S h u k u r
S a 'd u l l a n i n g „ B a h o r keld i“ . Z a f a r D i y o r n i n g „ Q o r “ , s h e ' r -
l a rid a n , ta b ia t t o ‘g ‘risidagi o kzb e k x alq q o ks h i q va l a p a r l a r i d a n
fo y d a la n ish m u m k i n .
R a s m n i n g g 'o y a s in i t u s h u n i s h g a y o r d a m b e r is h d a u s h b u
m e to d ik usul h a m y o rd a m berishi m u m k i n : ta rb iy a c h i b o l a la r d a n
q o r bilan o ky n a y o tg a n la rid a , u y d a o n a l a r i b o l m a g a n d a , s h i f o k o r
em lash u c h u n k elg a n d a va h o k a z o v a z iy a tla rd a kayfiyatlari q a n d a y
b o 'lis h in i s o kraydi. T a r b iy a c h in in g n a m u n a - h i k o y a s i yoki a d a -
b i y a s a r n i o l q i b b e r i s h i k a t t a a h a m i y a t g a e g a . M a s a l a n .
V. B a k sh c y c v n in g „ Y u sh il b a h o r k\ 0 \ T a n s iq b o y c v n in g „ K u z “
ra sm in i k o 'z d a n k e c h ir is h d a m a s h g ‘u lo tn i 0 ‘tk ir H o s h i m o v n in g
„ T o m c h i h a q i d a e r t a k “ h ik o y asin i, Q u d r a t H i k m a t n i n g ,,Bu
qaysi fasl?" a s a r i d a n p a r c h a o ‘q ib berish b ila n tugallash m u m k in .
M a k ta b g a t a y y o r l o v g u r u h i d a n a t u r m o r t l a r n i k o ‘rib c hiqish
va tasvirlash m a s h g ‘u lo ti tashkil etiladi. T a rb iy a c h i doskaga u n c h a
m u r a k k a b b o ‘l m a g a n r a s m n i ( n a t u r m o r t n i ) y o k i r a s m d a
tasvirlangan i d i s h l a r d a n , g u lla rd a n , m e v a l a r d a n sto) ustida, xuddi
ra sm d a t a s v irla n g a n d e k , „ n a t u r m o r t “ yasaydi. S o 'n g r a b o lalarning
o kz l a r i n a r s a - b u y u m l a r d a n „ n a t u r m o r t “ y a s a y d i l a r v a b i r
v a q tn in g o ‘z i d a „ n a t u r m o r t n i “ tasvirlaydilar: ra ngini, b o ‘y o q -
larn in g m o slig in i, n a r s a l a r n i n g shaklini a y tib tasvirlaydilar, keyin
e s a r a s m d a g i „ n a t u r m o r t “ b i l a n t a q q o s l a y d i l a r . „ S t o l d a g i
n a t u r m o r t “ ni k o 'r i b c h i q i s h bo lalarg a n a r s a - b u y u m l a r n i n g turli
sifat xususiyatlarini, belgilarini aniqlashga y o r d a m beradi, u larning
e s tetik sifatlari t o ‘g*risidagi t a s a w u r l a r i d o ira s in i kengaytirishga
t a ’sir ctadi. Bola sekin-astalik bilan mustaqi! ravishda naturm ortlarni
tasvirlashga o kt a d i . U s h b u n a t u r m o r t r a s m l a r d a n foydalanishi
m u m k in : D. N a l b a n d y a n „ G u l l a r ‘\
J. L evitan „ S i r e n “ . A. Lak-
tinov „ F e v r a l“ , I. M a s h k o v „Tarvuz bilan n a t u r m o r t “ , P. K a n -
c h a l o v „ D e r a z a o i d i d a g i s i r e n “ , A. F a t x u l l i n „ N i s h o n a “ .
S h u n in g d e k , t a r b i y a c h i m a s h g ‘u lo td a f o t o c t u d rc p ro d u k siy alari-
d a n h a m f o y d a la n is h i m u m k i n . Y. R y u m k i n n i n g „ O l m a l a r “ ,
Y. Ig n a to v i c h n in g „ M o m a q a y m o q “ va „ M o y c h e c h a k “ rasm larini
k o lz d a n k e c h ir i s h yax sh i natijalar b erad i.
5 - § . O ‘yinchoqlarga q a ra b hikoya qilishga
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |