Take stock of the distractions around you.
This is especially important in the place
where you focus on your most complex work. Make a list of all potential
distractions
—everything from the tablet you keep by your desk to a coworker
sharing your cubicle. Then consider: Which of these do you find more
attractive than your work?
2.
Distance yourself.
Just as with distractions, it’s not possible to tame all
environmental cues in advance
—but you can control most. Make a plan to
remove attractive objects of attention from your environment so you’re not
tempted by them.
3.
Introduce more productive cues into your environment.
Not all environmental cues
are bad, and no one wants to work in a sterile environment. Plants, for
example, have been shown to have a calming effect
—we evolved to feel
good in nature, not in cubicles. Hanging a whiteboard in your environment
may prompt you to brainstorm your thoughts and is a useful place to write
your three daily intentions. Lining up your favorite books on an office shelf
might remind you of ideas as you work. Keeping a fidget cube by your side is
a cue to occasionally take a break, daydream, and consider new ideas.
Having a book on your nightstand, instead of your phone, will encourage you
to read more. Storing your fruit in a bowl
on the table, instead of in your refrigerator,
will prompt you to eat healthier.
The cleanliness of your environment is
also important. Make sure you tidy your
space when you’re done with it—coming
home to a mess of dishes in the sink and
random objects strewn all over the floor
will instantly stress you out, reminding you
of all the things you still have to do. The
same applies when you finish working for
the day: tidy the papers on your desk,
close the windows on your computer, sort
files on your desktop, and act on and
archive each email you received that day.
When you sit down at your desk the next
morning, you’ll be able to focus
immediately on your intentions, instead of
becoming stressed about the previous day’s progress. Decluttering your digital
environment is just as important as decluttering your physical one.
As you’ve probably found, environmental cues can also help our future selves. After I
set my three overarching intentions for the following day at the end of the day prior, I
write them on my whiteboard so they’re what I see first thing in the morning. If I need to
remember to bring a few documents to a meeting, I’ll put them by the door so I see
them as I leave.
I
f you ask people in what places they’re most
productive, few will answer “The office.” In fact, most
people will name any place
but
the office
—including
their favorite coffee shop, an airport, the train, or their
home office. The reason for this, I’d argue, is that these
environments contain fewer cues for all we have to get
done: we don’t overhear coworkers chatting about the
projects we’re working on; we don’t walk by the
meeting rooms where we regularly share progress
reports. Mixing up where we work often lets us focus on
what we intend to accomplish, without distracting cues.
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MUSIC
There are an awful lot of factors in the environment that affect focus
—even office
temperature influences productivity to some degree.
*
Before getting to how your
internal, mental environment influences your productivity, I want to zero in on one more
external factor. It may be something you work with already: music.
While researching
Hyperfocus
, I interviewed one of the most renowned musicians of
our time, one who has sold more music than Prince, Britney Spears, Justin Bieber, or
Bob Dylan. The man has almost single-handedly crafted the soundtrack to countless
childhoods, and his videos easily attract millions of YouTube views.
However, while you may recognize his music, you likely won’t know Jerry Martin’s
name. Jerry composed the music scores for video games such as
The Sims
and
SimCity
—games that have collectively sold well over 100 million copies worldwide. He’s
also created soundtracks for Apple, General Motors, and NBA commercials. Jerry’s
music is the perfect place to start when looking at how music influences productivity, as
he has created some of the most productive soundtracks in existence.
Research suggests that the most productive music has two main attributes: it sounds
familiar (because of this, music that is productive for you may differ from your
coworkers’ choices), and it’s relatively simple. Jerry’s music hits both of these notes. It
sounds comfortably familiar, since it’s heavily influenced by famous composers like
George Gershwin. It contains no words to distract you,
and it’s simple. As Martin told
me, “When you put too much structure in music, you tend to focus on it. The best kind of
music exists in the background
—there’s really not much going on when you listen
closely. The music is linear, changing without you knowing it, and is supporting your
work in the game.” For my own part, I love writing to songs on repeat and have been
listening to the same depressing Ed Sheeran tune for the last hour.
However, research also suggests that the most productive music is
relative
. Music
occupies at least some portion of attentional space
—but it occupies less when it’s
familiar, simple, and also relatively quiet. As a result, music is no competition for a quiet
environment when it comes to focus, but of course, music never exists in isolation.
If you’re working in a busy coffee shop, music may help obscure the conversations
around you, which are much more complex and distracting than a simple and familiar
melody. If a loud coworker in the adjacent cubicle is on a telephone call, it
’s much more
productive to throw on some noise-canceling headphones and listen to music. (A study
found that overhearing one side of a phone conversation is significantly more distracting
than overhearing a regular dyadic conversation
—your brain works overtime to fill in the
missing side of the half-alogue, so the conversation occupies more of your attentional
space.)
*
For me, the quiet serenity offered by music on noise-canceling headphones on
a loud flight is much less distracting than the roar of the plane’s engine. When I’m at a
coffee shop and they inexplicably switch the soundtrack to talk radio, I’ll listen to music.
Your own experience with how music affects your productivity will vary depending on
the nature of your work, your working environment, and even your personality
—music
impairs the performance of introverts more than extroverts, for example. However,
generally speaking, if you’re looking to focus, keep the music you listen to simple and
familiar.
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