Cambridge ielts 5 Reading

=> ANSWER: B. punishment helps learning
1. The teacher-subjects were instructed to… 
Keywords : teacher-subjects, instructed 
In paragraph B, the writer refers to the instructions given to the teacher-subjects in 
the experiment: 

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“The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answerto a 
question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and 
increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer.” ” Milgram told the 
teacher subjects to ignore the reaction,… and to administer whatever level of shock 
was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.” 
– instructed=told 
– give=administer 
=> ANSWER: D
.
give punishment according to a rule
1. Before the experiment took place the psychiatrists… 
Keywords: before, psychiatrists 
In paragraph D,the writer says: “Prior to carying out the experiment, Milgram 
explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists…” and ” the overwhelming 
consensus was that virtually all the teacher- subjects would refuse to obey the 
experimenter”, and that” most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts , and only 
“about one in 1000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts” 
In paragraph E, the actual result is: ” over 60 percent of the teacher-subjects 
continued to obey Milgram up to the 450 volts limit”. 
So, the estimate of the psychiatrists was too low – they underestimated how many 
teacher-subjects would continue to follow the rules/the procedure. 
– before=prior to 
– comply with=obey 

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=> ANSWER: C.
underestimated the teacher-subjects‟ willingness to 
comply with experimental procedure.
Questions 23-26 
1. Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University. 
Keywords: subjects, psychology students, Yale University 
In paragraph A, the first sentence, the writer says: “A few years ago,…, Stanley 
Milgram from Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for …to 
perform.” From all walks of life : from different types of jobs and different levels of 
society. We are not told if any of these were students or -if they were – from what 
university.