Tc 9-524 fundamentals of machine tools

chip breaker 
- A small groove ground back of the
cutting edge on the top of a cutting tool to keep the
chips short.
chipping 
- The process of cutting metal with a cold
chisel and hammer.
chisel 
- Any one of a variety of small hand cutting
tools, generally wedge-shaped.
chuck 
- A device on a machine tool to hold the
workpiece or a cutting tool.
chuck, independent jaw 
- A chuck, each of whose
jaws (usually four) is adjusted with a screw action
independently of the other jaws.
chuck, universal (self-centering chuck, concentric
chuck) 
- A chuck whose jaws are so arranged that
they are all moved together at the same rate by a
special wrench.
circular pitch 
- The distance measured on the pitch
circle from a point on a gear tooth to the same point
on the next gear tooth.
clearance 
- The distance or angle by which one
objector surface clears another.
clearance angle 
- The angle between the rear surface
of a cutting tool and the surface of the work at the
point of contact.
climb milling 
- A method of milling in which the
work table moves in the same direction as the
direction of rotation of the milling center. Sometimes
called down cutting or down milling.
clutch, friction (friction coupling) 
- A shaft
coupling used where it is necessary to provide a
connection that can be readily engaged or disengaged
while one of the shafts is in motion.
cog 
- A tooth in the rim of a wheel - a gear tooth in a
gear wheel.
cold-rolled steel 
- Steel that has been rolled to
accurate size and smooth finish when made.
In
contrast, hot-rolled steel may have a rough, pitted
surface and slag inclusion.
collet 
- A precision work holding chuck which centers
finished round stock automatically when tightened.
Specialized collets are also a-, available in shapes for
other than round stock.
color method 
- A technique of heat treating metal by
observing the color changes that occur to determine
the proper operation to perform to achieve the desired
results.