about 15 percent resulted in a change that
might potentially
cause a form in the lan-
guage to become homophonous.
1
Accordingly, one might expect that there is a corre-
sponding psychological constraint to account for this diachronic change, just as the
disambiguation effect accounts for Bréal’s Law of Differentiation. In other words, is
there evidence that, as Slobin (1973, 1977, 1985) argues, children do have a
one-to-one form-to-meaning assumption that extends to homophony as well as
synonymy?
In this chapter I raise several methodological issues that indicate that previous
research has not demonstrated this finding conclusively. I then describe an investiga-
tion that offers an empirical test that aims to eliminate previous confounds. Evidence
from this study suggests that in fact homonyms are dispreferred in lexical
acquisition.
Previous Research on Homophony
Campbell and Bowe-Macdonald (1977, 1983) conducted an experiment in which
they read stories containing the less familiar meanings of homonyms to children
(three- to five-year-olds). The experimenters then questioned the children about their
understanding of the homonyms and asked them to illustrate their referents. For ex-
ample, one story told about a wing of a castle:
At the far side of the wood was a castle. “Look at this castle,” said Jane’s
Daddy. “The oldest
wing
is over 500 years old.”
The children’s illustrations of this passage often depicted the castle’s
wing
like that of
a bird or airplane sticking out of a building. The results of the experiment indicated
that 31 percent of the children in all age groups responded by giving the primary,
more familiar meaning of the homonym in spite of the fact that clinging to the pri-
mary meaning of the homonym caused the story to seem bizarre or fanciful.
2
The design of the experiment does not allow us to draw the conclusions we need,
however. First, the experiment did not take into account children’s previous experi-
ence with the homonyms used in the experiment. The number of children who cor-
rectly interpreted the homonyms may be related to individual children’s familiarity
with a particular homonym; on the other hand, children’s failure to interpret hom-
onyms correctly may result from a lack of previous experience with the secondary
meaning of the word. Moreover, the children who failed to interpret the homonym
correctly might not have been provided with enough context to fully disambiguate
the two meanings (Donaldson 1978).
Furthermore, where homonym
acquisition
is concerned, the task requires that
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: