Tourism, Security and Safety From Theory to Practice

Concept Definitions
Crisis (as applied to this chapter)
A situation requiring radical management
action in response to events beyond the internal control of the organization neces-
sitating urgent adaptation of marketing and operational practices to restore the
confidence of employees, associated enterprises, and consumers in the viability of
the destination.
Restoration alliance
The working alliance between all private and public sector
segments of the tourism and hospitality industry and destination marketing author-
ities designed to restore the marketability and security of the tourism industry. The
alliance works on both restoring the image and marketability of tourism destina-
tions and regions concurrently to sellers and distributors of tourism product and to
consumers.
Source markets
Markets that are the main sources from where tourists are
attracted to the destination or region. This is usually determined by country of ori-
gin and measured by counting the citizenship of tourist arrivals.
Government travel advisories
Assessments determined by ministries of foreign
governments that focus on the security and safety of destinations. These are
designed to inform citizens of the issuing country of the likely threats that citizens
of that country may encounter if visiting a given destination. In most instances
advisories are graded in accordance with a perceived level of threat.
General exemption
Insurance companies frequently deny cover to insured
travelers who incur loss, injury, or death resulting from politically motivated vio-
lence. In insurance parlance, denial of such coverage is labeled as “the general
exemption.” The general exemption is currently undergoing review as a result of
consumer pressure.
Regional marketing
In the context of this chapter, regional marketing involves
the coordinated promotion and marketing of a group of countries to a commonly
targeted source market or set of source markets. PATA and ASEAN employed
Three SE Asia Tourism Recovery Campaigns
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regional marketing of several SE Asian destinations to specific source markets
including China, Japan, Australia, Europe, and the United States with the aim of
encouraging tourists to visit more than one of the destinations in a single trip. It also
recognized that the crisis indicators that led to the coordinated recovery campaign
were common to the region, as opposed to being confined to a single destination.
Push marketing
Targeting the sellers, promoters, and suppliers of the tourism
product in source markets including wholesalers, travel agents, airlines, hotel
chains, and the media.
Pull marketing
Marketing to consumers either directly or in cooperation with
stakeholders such as wholesalers, the media, airlines, hoteliers, and other princi-
pals that sell or have product in the targeted destination.