Fostering food security and education
Policy efforts are required to minimize the long-
term scarring of human capital. Alleviating food
insecurity is a top priority, as sharp income losses
have induced poor households to cut back on food
consumption (World Bank 2020h). Indeed, the
number of people facing food crises is estimated to
have doubled from 130 million to about 270
million by end-2020 (CARE 2020; WFP 2020a).
Ensuring the effective delivery of food assistance
for those in need, in part by supporting local
markets via cash transfers, could help avoid
FIGURE 1.23
Structural policies in emerging market and
developing economies
The lasting damage from the pandemic may contribute to a further decline
in potential growth for emerging market and developing economies.
Authorities can promote universal masking as a low-cost and relatively
growth-friendly approach to help contain the pandemic. The recovery can
be enhanced by expanding access to digital technologies and addressing
infrastructure gaps, partly through green investments. In the longer run,
reforms to improve governance, reduce corruption, and enhance debt
transparency are needed to support potential growth.
Sources
: Consensus Economics; Haver Analytics; International Crisis Risk Group (database); Kilic
Celik, Kose, and Ohnsorge (2020); McKinsey (2016); Rivetti (2020); World Bank; YouGov.com.
Note
: EMDEs = emerging market and developing economies; LICs = low-income countries; TFP =
total factor productivity; EAP = East Asia and Pacific, ECA = Europe and Central Asia, LAC = Latin
America and the Caribbean, MNA = Middle East and North Africa, SAR = South Asia, SSA =
Sub-Saharan Africa.
A. Real GDP-weighted average for 52 EMDEs. Potential growth based on a production function
approach described in Chapter 3.
B. Bars show median values for the share of respondents that wear masks in public. Sample includes
10 EMDEs and 16 advanced economies. Last observation is November 2020.
C. Figure shows the average share of the population using the Internet and fixed broadband subscrip-
tions per 100 people in 2017. Sample includes 36 advanced economies, 155 EMDEs, and 29 LICs.
D. Sample includes eight advanced economies and nine EMDEs.
E. Coefficient estimates of a local projection estimation of 10-year-ahead growth forecasts on reform
advances and setbacks in 57 countries. Reform advances (setbacks) are defined as years in which
the average of indicators by the International Crisis Risk Group increase (decrease), and are
sustained for at least three years. Vertical orange lines show the 90-percent confidence interval.
F. Figure shows average score from the World Bank’s Debt Reporting Heat Map. Red line is highest
level of transparency. Orange lines represent the interquartile range.
Click here to download data and charts.
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