FIGURE 1.7
Advanced economies
The collapse in economic activity in the second quarter of 2020 was largely
driven by sharp declines in the demand and supply of services. A lull in the
COVID-19 outbreak in the second half of last year allowed for a solid
rebound, powered largely by retail sales, but the more recent rise in
COVID-19 cases has slowed the recovery. The level of output is expected
to remain below its pre-crisis peak for a prolonged period, as was the case
following the global financial crisis.
Sources
: Haver Analytics; Loughran and McDonald (2011); OECD (database); Oxford Economics;
Securities and Exchange Commission; Seeking Alpha; Taskin (forthcoming); World Bank.
A. “Investment” corresponds to gross fixed capital formation. Bars represent ratios of cumulative
change in sub-component relative to GDP change. For each episode, period is identified using pre-
crisis peak and crisis trough of GDP. Value of 1 equals same degree of change. Data are simple
average of nominal local-currency cumulative change across Group of Seven (G7) member countries
which include Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
B. The sentiment scores are calculated using earnings call transcripts of publicly listed firms in the
United States. The listed companies are headquartered in 53 countries, including advanced
economies (38) and EMDEs (15). Demand sentiment score for each call is calculated as (number of
positive tone words - number of negative tone words)/(total number of words) around demand-related
words (demand, export, exports). Each call’s supply sentiment score is calculated using the same
formula around supply-related words (supply, supplier, suppliers, import, imports). The call-level
sentiment scores are aggregated using market capitalization values of companies as weights. The
sentiment score formulas follow Hassan et al. (2019) and Taskin (forthcoming). The lists of negative
and positive tone words are borrowed from Loughran and McDonald (2011). Z-scores represent the
difference between raw values and their long-term average, divided by their long-term standard
deviation. Mean and standard deviation are calculated over the period 2010Q1-2019Q4. Last
observation is December 17, 2020.
C. Figure shows the percent difference between the level of realized real retail sales and their pre-
pandemic trend. Pre-pandemic trend excludes pandemic developments by assuming that sales grow
at their 2019 average rate starting in February 2020. Last observation is October 2020.
D. Figure shows the index of aggregated quarterly GDP history and projection for advanced
economies. The blue line shows GDP history from 2007Q1 to 2010Q4, the red line shows GDP
history from 2019Q4 to 2020Q3, and the dashed line shows baseline GDP projection from 2020Q4 to
2022Q4. The index is set to 100=2008Q4 for the blue line and 100=2019Q4 for the other lines.
Sample includes 25 advanced economies.
Click here to download data and charts.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |