LIAM O ' F L A H E R T Y
( 1 8 9 6 - , Irish)
The Tent 3Z2.
W I L L I A M FAULKNER
( 1 8 9 7 — 1 9 6 2 , American)
Dry September
330
ERNEST H E M I N G W A Y
( 1 8 9 8 - 1 9 6 1 , American)
Hills Like White Elephants
341
E L I Z A B E T H BOWEN
( 1 8 9 9 - 1 9 7 3 , Irish)
The Demon Lover
346
V.S. P R I T C H E T T
( 1 9 0 0 - , English)
Many Are Disappointed
353
SEAN O ' F A O L A I N
(1900— , Irish)
Sinners
362.
viii
Contents
FRANK O CONNOR
( 1 9 0 3 — 1 9 6 6 , Irish)
Guests of the Nation
371
M O R L E Y CALLAGHAN
( 1 9 0 3 - , Canadian)
The Runaway
382
H. E. BATES
( 1 9 0 5 - 1 9 7 4 , English)
Never
391
R. K. NARAYAN
( 1 9 0 6 - , Indian)
A Horse and Two Goats
395
EUDORA W E L T Y
( 1 9 0 9 - , American)
A Visit of Charity 411
W I L L I A M SANSOM
( 1 9 1 2 - 1 9 7 6 , English)
Various Temptations
417
MARY LAVIN
( 1 9 1 2 - , Irish)
My Vocation
432
PATRICK W H I T E
( 1 9 1 2 - , Australian)
Five-Twenty
443
J O H N CHEEVER
( 1 9 1 2 - , American)
Goodbye, My Brother
466
DORIS LESSING
( 1 9 1 9 - , British)
Mrs Fortescue
487
Contents
ix
F L A N N E R Y O ' C O N N O R
( 1 9 2 5 - 1 9 6 4 , American)
Parker's Back
5
01
W I L L I A M TREVOR
( 1 9 2 8 - , Irish)
Going Home
5
20
J O H N U P D I K E
(1932— , American)
Lifeguard
539
R E F E R E N C E S AND A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S 5 4 5
I N D E X O F AUTHORS
5 4 9
I N T R O D U C T I O N
This anthology is a selection of short stories written in the much-
travelled English language by authors whose roots are in five con-
tinents and are nourished by a variety of cultures. The period
covered is from the early nineteenth century to the present day.
There is no suggestion that they are 'the best'. All anthologies are
a matter of personal taste: the only claim I can make for this one is
that it has been formed by seventy years of passionate addiction to
the short story and fifty years as a fellow writer in an art or craft
that is distinctive and, for the writer, exquisitely difficult. The bond
between all of us is our fascination not only with the 'story' but
with its relatively new and still changing form wherever it appears;
and I fancy that, as a body, we are more conscious of what other
story writers have done in other languages, in France, Italy, North-
ern Europe, Russia, and Latin America and even in what is called
the Third World, than our novelists commonly are. In private life,
story-telling is a universal habit, and we think we have something
that suits especially well with the temper of contemporary life.
For my purposes two stories in
English
literature by Sir Walter
Scott -
The Two Drovers
and
The Highland Widow
- seem to es-
tablish the short story as a foundational form independent of the
diffuse attractions of the novel: the novel tends to tell us everything
whereas the short story tells us only one thing, and that, intensely.
More important - in American literature, Washington Irving and,
above all, Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne - defined
where the significance of the short story would lie. It is, as some
have said, a 'glimpse through' resembling a painting or even a song
which we can take in at once, yet bring the recesses and contours
of larger experience to the mind. If we move forward to the stories
written, say, since 1910 I would say the picture is still there - but
has less often the old elaborately gilded frame; or, if you like, the
frame is now
inside
the picture. But, to go back to the nineteenth
century after Scott, it is noticeable that American writers and those
in young societies took to the new art with more alacrity than the
British who were overwhelmed by the vitality of the great English
novelists of that prolific age. The short stories of Dickens, Thack-
xii
Introduction
eray, Mrs Gaskell, Hardy, and many excellent minor writers, do
read like crowded episodes of a continuing novel, or like novels
that have been started and then given up. Hardy's stories could as
well be novels; his genuine short stories are in his laconic poetry.
Yet, the compulsively novelizing Trollope is an exception; he did
discover the short story when he became a traveller. One remem-
bers the Lotte Schmidt stories and the remarkable Cornish Tale,
Malachi's Cove.
If the British held a distinctive place it was chiefly
in the stories of exotic travel. We had to get away from our closed
doors and closely curtained windows. Not until Robert Louis Ste-
venson and Rudyard Kipling did we join the American fabulists.
And, on reflection, we notice these two writers are on the move,
restive when at home.
In saying the present volume is the expression of a personal taste
I must add that constant difficulties of space and copyright are the
anthologist's nightmares. One would need two or three volumes to
do justice to the abundance of past talent and the new feeling for
experiment in the youngest generation who are more given to the
clinical document than to fable. One is forced to be arbitrary, to
reject some masters because they have been over-anthologized. If
Jack London, P. G. Wodehouse, Max Beerbohm, Saul Bellow, Ber-
nard Malamud, and many others are omitted this implies no lack
of admiration for their gifts and contribution.
There is also the special difficulty of the length of short stories.
The short-story writer has always depended on periodicals. In the
nineteenth century, newspapers in all countries published quite
long stories every week and fat magazines published immensely
long ones: stories that one has to call
novellas,
a delightful form
that may run to thirty or forty thousand words. A master like
Henry James gets longer and longer as the years go by. Not only
are such writers lengthy; their prose is leisurely, often sententious
and delights in cultivated circumlocution and in the ironies of eu-
phemism. The break in prose style between ourselves and our eld-
ers that occurred in, say, 1900 is also a symptom of the conflict
between long and short. It is painful to have to reject George
Moore's
Albert Nobbs
(from
Celibate Lives),
a neglected work of
genius, simply because it goes on and on. (It is still in print.) I have
had to be sparing of other longer stories and have tended, where
possible, to turn to the unusual or little-known examples of a tal-
Introduction
xiii
ent. So, Henry James is not represented by
The Real Thing —
the
well-known key to his art - nor by
The Pupil
or the admirable
Bench of Desolation-,
but I do think the far briefer
Paste,
though it
has a too obvious debt to Maupassant, is one of James's character-
istic gems. There is a similar difficulty with Joyce:
The Dead
must
surely be his most impressive and seminal story, but, again, it is
very long and it has often appeared in anthologies: I have preferred
therefore a shorter story from
Dubliners
where his genius was first
signalled.
The variety of Kipling in scene and manner makes nonsense of
the attempt to find the typical; I have chosen the Kipling of Lon-
don's East End rather than the magical Indian scene, for this Cock-
ney aspect of Kipling's work is often overlooked. In general, I have
sought the surprising and perhaps uncharacteristic tale such as
Katherine Mansfield's
The Woman at the Store
and in African, Ca-
nadian, Australian, and New Zealand writers I have looked less to
the native scene than to what these writers have given to the art.
They indeed require a volume to themselves. I go some way in sup-
porting Frank O'Connor's view that the short story has flourished
in what he calls 'anarchic' societies, in which social bonds are loose
and where the traditional satisfactions of a culture are slack. How-
ever, the great French tradition is a clear exception to O'Connor's
argument.
In the present century, now eighty years old, style, attitudes, and
natural subject matter have changed. Strangely, we are now closer
to the classic poetic conception of the short story as Hawthorne
and Poe saw it, closer - in our mass societies - to fable and to the
older vernacular writers. We are less bound by contrived plot, more
intent on the theme buried in the heart. Readers used to speak of
'losing' themselves in a novel or a story: the contemporary addict
turns to the short story to find himself. In a restless century which
has lost its old assurances and in which our lives are fragmented,
the nervous side-glance has replaced the steady confronting gaze.
(Short-story writers - like painters - are now in something like the
situation of Goya in
his
art.) In a mass society we have the sense of
being anonymous: therefore we look for the silent moment in
which our singularity breaks through, when emotions change,
without warning, and reveal themselves. One remembers the ter-
rible moment of passion in Kipling's
Mary Postgate,
the dumb re-
xiv
Introduction
sponse of the captured English soldiers in O'Connor's
Guests of
the Nation
or the racing feet of the Borstal boy shaking his mind
open in Alan Sillitoe's
Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner.
Many of the great short-story writers have not succeeded as nov-
elists: Kipling and Chekhov are examples and, to my mind, D.H.
Lawrence's stories are superior to his novels. For myself, the short
story springs from a spontaneously poetic as distinct from a prosaic
impulse - yet is not 'poetical' in the sense of a shuddering sensibil-
ity. Because the short story has to be succinct and has to suggest
things that have been 'left out', are, in fact, there all the time, the
art calls for a mingling of the skills of the rapid reporter or traveller
with an eye for incident and an ear for real speech, the instincts of
the poet and ballad-maker, and the sonnet writer's concealed dis-
cipline of form. The writer has to cultivate the gift for aphorism
and wit. A short story is always a disclosure, often an evocation -
as in Lawrence or Faulkner - frequently the celebration of charac-
ter at bursting point: it approaches the mythical. Above all, more
than the novelist who is sustained by his discursive manner, the
writer of short stories has to catch our attention at once not only
by the novelty of his people and scene but by the distinctiveness of
his voice, and to hold us by the ingenuity of his design: for what
we ask for is the sense that our now restless lives achieve shape at
times and that our emotions have their architecture. Particularly in
the writers of this century we also notice the sense of people as
strangers. A modern story comes to an open end. People are left
carrying the aftermath of their tale into a new day of which, alarm-
ingly, they can as yet know nothing.
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