Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia



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OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

Lithuania
, V.M. was convicted of 
bribery. Being a public official, namely, the school principal, he provided special conditions for the company 
UAB ‘V.’, which, as a consequence, was awarded a contract for renovation of the school. V.M. received a 
bribe for this wrongful act; in particular, he received construction services and construction materials from 
director of UAB ‘V.’ free of any charge, to the total amount of EUR 21 476.69. During the investigation, a 
temporary restriction was imposed on the property of V.M. (money and a motorcycle). In accordance with 
paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 72 of the Criminal Code of Lithuania, the property to the amount of EUR 21 
476.69 was confiscated from V.M. The Director of the company UAB ‘V.’ was convicted of giving a bribe. 
In the Court of Appeals and in the Court of Cassation, the convicted V.M. claimed that he reimbursed to the 
company UAB “V.” for all expenses for construction services and materials for renovation of his house, 
therefore, this part of the property could not be confiscated. The Supreme Court of Lithuania, by decision of 
29 September 2015, rejected these arguments and noted that those assets, acquired as a result of crime were 
the pecuniary gains obtained by the offender after committing the crime or gains from crime. Such crime 
may include both the acquisition of the property of any kind and the evasion of property liabilities as well
or cancellation of such liability (cost saving). A bribe – is an unjustified remuneration, obtained or intended 
to be obtained illegally; it may be in the form of the assets of any type, including, but not limited to, the 
tangible services like free repair of the vehicle or of the house, issuance of interest-free loans, reducing the 
amount of taxes to be paid, etc. 
Under another criminal case (No.1-157-99/09 in the court of first instance), which also took place in 
Lithuania, V.S. was convicted of abusing power. While working as an enforcement agent, for the purpose of 
gaining the pecuniary gains from money as part of the enforcement proceedings under his control in the 
amount of EUR 954 970, he, instead of safe-keeping of this money in accordance with Law, transferred it to 
his personal bank account, signed the fixed-term deposit agreement, and based on this agreement, he 
benefited EUR 68 170 as the interest on savings. During the investigation the prosecutor put a lien on money 
of V.S. in the bank account. The court of first instance, in its decision of 27 January 2009, came to the 
conclusion that V.S. acquired EUR 68 170 as the interest on savings as the result of crime, following which 
he declared this income and paid the income tax of 15% (which is EUR 10 225), therefore the remaining 
amount (which is EUR 57 945) should be confiscated as money obtained from crime. This decision was 
upheld by the Court of appeals on 25 March 2009 and became final.
The most well-known and effective case on confiscation of corruption assets in Latvia is the case against the 
company ‘Latvenergo’, the officials of this company have been convicted of abusing of official position 
from 2006 to June of 2010 for the purpose of embezzlement of the property, receiving bribes and laundering 
the proceeds of crimes on a large scale and as part of organised criminal group (17 persons were held liable 


93 
 
on this case). Suspicions of bribery included accepting bribes by officials of ‘Latvenergo’ on the Projects 
implemented by this company for reconstruction of Pļaviņas HES and ТЕС
-2. The collected evidence 
suggested that the participants of the organised criminal group received bribes to ensure that decisions on 
the public procurements and construction works for the company ‘Latvenergo’ should be made in favor of 
the companies registered in Spain, Turkey, and Sweden. The evidence proved that bribes were transferred to 
the staff of ‘Latvenergo’ through the consulting agreements, which were signed between the intermediary 
companies of the persons suspected of bribery and the foreign companies that submitted tender 
documentation. The staff of ‘Latvenergo’ and the owner of the consulting company jointly, with the purpose 
of hiding the illegal sources of assets, laundered the proceeds of those crimes through different transactions 
and real estate operations and investments in the companies owned by them.
During the pre-trial investigation, the proceeds of crime were arrested and confiscated to the following 
amount: on 14.07.2011 – EUR 77 500; on 22.02.2012 – USD 299 965; on 09.03.2012 – USD 427 185 and 
USD 15 000 (in the accounts of the foreign companies involved in money laundering), on 17.09.2012 – EUR 
545 244.33 and EUR 122 263.95 (in the accounts of the foreign companies involved in money laundering, 
but without confiscation in foreign jurisdiction yet). After the case has been referred to the court, the 
following criminal assets were arrested and confiscated by the court in this case: on 21.05.2015 – EUR 
595.68 and Estonian Kroon 36 359.27 (in the accounts of the foreign company, which was used for money 
laundering); on 26.05.2015 – EUR 157 209.13 and USD 123 093.11 (in the account of the Latvian company, 
which was used for money laundering); on 04.06.2015 – the apartment costing EUR 328 685 that was 
registered in the name of the Latvian company, which was used for money laundering; on 08.06.2015 – EUR 
197 752.89 (in the accounts of the Latvian company, which was used for money laundering); on 07.09.2015 
– EUR 8 247.29 (in the accounts of the foreign company, which was used for money laundering); on 
14.09.2015 – the real estate property in Latvia costing EUR 571 000 that was registered in the name of the 
foreign company, used for money laundering. The case on corruption in ‘Latvenergo’ was referred to the 
court in June 2017 against 12 defendants; the judgment on this case has not been rendered yet. 
The following case may serve as an example of effective special confiscation of corruption assets in 
Romania
: the case of the convicted WS; while serving as a Personal Adviser to the Mayor of Bucharest, 
during the period from May 2012 to May 2015, the person demanded money in the amount of EUR 230 000 
on some occasions and, finally, got the money in few instalments to the amount of EUR 179 000 from the 
witness-whistleblower for influencing the officials of municipality and Members of the General Council in 
Bucharest, who were expected, under his control, to initiate and take decisions, which were required for the 
construction of three hypermarkets in the district of the Municipality of Bucharest. During the criminal 
investigation the Prosecutors arrested all movable and immovable property of the suspected person. During 
the court proceedings the court upheld the order of the Prosecutor’s Office for arrest of the followings assets: 
1 apartment, one half interests in the property – 2 commercial premises and 1 apartment, and 2 vehicles. 
After assessment of the evidence, and based on the paragraph d) of the Article 112 of the Criminal Code
whereby the special confiscation should be applied to money and assets, provided to induce a person to 
commit a particular crime or for the purpose of making payment to the perpetrator, the court decided to 
confiscate money in the amount of EUR 154 000, which was received by the accused person when a crime 
was committed in the form of trading in influence (the decision of the Bucharest Court of Appeal No.185 of 
2016). 
In 

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