Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia



Download 1,98 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet82/103
Sana06.06.2022
Hajmi1,98 Mb.
#641254
1   ...   78   79   80   81   82   83   84   85   ...   103
Bog'liq
OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

E. Administrative forfeiture 
A few countries of the ACN, such as Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, and Estonia have declared about 
existence of legislation on administrative forfeiture of assets in the investigation of corruption cases and 
money laundering in their countries. 
Whereas, the administrative forfeiture in 
Azerbaijan
is possible only in the administrative offences 
proceedings. In accordance with Article 22 of the Code of Administrative Offences, one of the types of 
administrative punishment is confiscation of the object, which served as the instrument or tool for the 
administrative offence commission or it was the particular subject of the relevant infringement. In accordance 
with Article 26 of this Code, the confiscation of the object, which is individually owned by a person, found 
guilty in the administrative offence commission, and which is the instrument, the tool or the subject of 
infringement, involves the compulsory forfeiture and transfer of this object to the state ownership, without 
any compensation. Such confiscation is applied by the court. However, it should be noted that application of 
such type of confiscation to the corruption offences and money laundering, committed by individuals, raises 
some doubts, since these acts should be criminalised according to international standards, and it is unlikely 
that they will be included in the legislation on administrative offences. 
In accordance with Article 505-22 of the Administrative Liability Code of 
Kyrgyzstan
, in case of the legal 
entity participation in corruption crimes or money laundering, the punishment may be imposed on it in the 
form of penalty including confiscation of the objects, which have been the instrument or the particular subject 
of the administrative offence. The legal entity may incur the administrative liability, provided that money 
laundering had been committed through the legal entity by an individual, holding the top position in this 
legal entity, which was based on: his right of representation; authority to make decisions on its behalf; 
authority to exercise control or management in this legal entity. The liability is applied to the legal entity in 
case the legal entity was found to participate in money laundering, confirmed by the court decision which 
came into force under the criminal proceedings. The liability shall be imposed to the legal entity without 
prejudice to any criminal liability of the individual, who had committed money laundering.
Administrative forfeiture in 
Estonia
is not as much significant as the criminal confiscation, and it is limited 
only by the sphere of application of anti-money laundering legislation, and in the event only, when the owner 
of the property was not identified. For example, in paragraph 7 of the Article 40 of the Law on Prevention 
of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing, it is provided that, if the owner of the assets or of the property 
has not been identified within one year after applying the limitations for disposal of these assets, the financial 
intelligence unit or the Prosecutor’s Office may apply to the administrative court for permission of transfer 
of these assets or the property in the state ownership. The administrative court during the court proceedings 
shall decide on granting or refusing to grant such permission. The assets and the property shall be sold by 
the enforcement agency, following the permission granted, according to the standard procedure; the property 
owner may claim the state in future to refund him the appropriate amount of the cost of assets or the property, 
within 3 years from the date of their transfer to the state budget.
The legislation of Romania provides for administrative forfeiture in cases investigated by the National 
Integrity Agency. In accordance with the Law No. 176 of 1 September 2010, the National Integrity Agency 
shall notify the Commission of inquiry on unjust enrichment, if the significant changes were found in the 
financial well-being of persons, who are legally bound to declare their property status. Such ‘significant 
change’ shall be the growth for more than EUR 10,000 or its equivalent in Romanian Leu. The Commission 
34
See OECD/WGB (2014), Phase 3 report on Slovenia, page 25,
https://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-
bribery/SloveniaPhase3ReportEN.pdf.


80 
 
consists of two Appellate Court judges, appointed by the Chairman of the Court, and one prosecutor from 
the Prosecutor’s Office under the Appellate Court, appointed by the Chief Prosecutor.
In the Government of 
Romania
Ordinance No. 2 adopted in 2001 with respect to conditions of 
(administrative) violation of law, the issues of confiscation are settled, when such violations are found. Thus, 
according to Article 24 of the Ordinance, the person who has the duty to apply the sanction will confiscate 
the assets intended for, used in or resulted from contraventions. In all the cases, the agent will describe in a 
record the assets under confiscation and will take the conservation measures provided by the law, mentioning 
them in the record. If the assets cannot be found, the offender will pay their money equivalent. The agent 
has the obligation to find the owner of the confiscated assets and if the owner is different than the offender, 
the identification data of the owner will be mentioned in the record or the reasons why he/she could not be 
identified. The administrative forfeiture by the National Integrity Agency shall be applied in cases, when the 
Agency has found the unjustified possessions or the part thereof. The source of such earnings may be or may 
not be unlawful, but it is very important that it is unjustified.
Non-criminal confiscation in 

Download 1,98 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   78   79   80   81   82   83   84   85   ...   103




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish