Knitting technology, Third Edition

25.11
Typical run-in ratios for nylon yarns
The table below gives examples of typical run-in ratios for 
standard flat nylon 
yarns
:

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26
Surface interest, relief and 
open-work structures
26.1
Basic principles
A warp knitted fabric with a regular surface and uniform appearance is generally
produced when all of the following conditions exist:
•
Each bar is fully-threaded, with every guide in the same bar carrying a similar
yarn.
•
Each bar makes a regular lapping movement of similar extent at each course.
•
When weft is inserted it occurs with a similar yarn at regular intervals.
•
Warp is supplied to each bar at a constant tension and uniform rate from course
to course.
Carefully arranged variation of one or more of the above conditions enables pat-
terns, surface interest, relief and open-work structures to be knitted, as the guide
lines below indicate:
•
Variation in the threading
of one or more guide bars (guides threaded with dif-
ferent types of yarn or empty guides without yarn) will alter the appearance of
the particular wales lapped by these guides. The effect will run the length of the
fabric.
•
Variation in the extent of underlaps
produced by a guide bar will affect the
appearance of those courses where the variation occurs and if the guide bar is
fully-threaded the effect will run across the width of the fabric. Similar effects
are obtained using weft insertion with different types of yarn, or by varying the
frequency of the insertion.
•
The appearance of the fabric may also be changed at certain courses by 
varying
the rate of warp supply
or selectively tensioning the warp threads and thus influ-
encing the length of yarn in the underlaps.

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Surface interest, relief and open-work structures
323