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ФИО автора:
Sultonqulova Gulzodakhan Avazjon qizi
O'zbekiston davlat jahon tillari universiteti
2-kurs filologiya (ingliz tili) magistratura talabasi
Название публикации:
«NON-STANDARD LAYER OF ENGLISH LEXICON»
Annotation: This article presents valuable information about layer structure of English
language and explains non-literary lexicon as the medium for modern communication.
In addition, this paper promotes the types of non-standard vocabulary, identifies them
by their characteristics and gives examples on each of them.
Key words: English
language, lexicon, vocabulary, non-standard, non-literary,
literary, foreign language, jargonisms, slang
After the independence of Uzbekistan was proclaimed, the need for English
language as the medium for communication has risen rapidly.
Nowadays, various
educational organizations as well as government tend to promote the acquisition of
English language as the second language on all levels among nation. Therefore, the
stylistic
view of the language, which is so widespread and needed around the world,
has to be taken into consideration. The great importance is focused on the study and
analysis of English language across the country. English language is known to be made
of three primary stylistic layers: neutral layer, literary layer and colloquial layer. While
some of the layers include only literary language, one of them, which is colloquial layer
of the language includes a number of words that contain jargonisms, slang, dialectal
words and other types of non-literary vocabulary. Being related to the main topic of
this article, non-literary vocabulary is also named non-standard vocabulary. Non-
standard vocabulary is believed to be mostly used for communication in the spoken
discourse since it has a lot of variables in comparison to written discourse, which is
more formal. However, the differentiation between those colloquial layers of the
language is very difficult to point out. Moreover, this very differentiation has become
one of the biggest issues in researches of English stylistics.
Mentioning about
special colloquial vocabulary, it is vital to point out
jargonisms. Jargonisms are considered to be one of the largest non-standard vocabulary
types used mostly by people of particular social groups. According to dictionary,
jargonism is the widely accepted term that defines the words that exist in every
language and which function is to preserve privacy among small social groups.
Usually, jargonisms have the specificity of taking a
whole new meaning from the
original meaning of the word. This very implementation of existing words in a
completely new form and meaning among a small number of people makes jargonisms
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so difficult to be understood by people of other subcultures, societies and countries.
For instance, talking about jargonisms, the simple words with one meaning may hold
additional one due to the codes or special additions that make these words unique and
recognizable only by selected people who already are aware of these codes. As a
popular jargonism we may select and provide the jargon of the word “money”, which
is socially accepted around the world. Money in some social groups is said as “grease”.
Moreover, even the popular word “army” is considered as a jargonism , because the
literary analog of this word occurs as “military”. By this example we can see that not
all jargonisms are difficult to comprehend by the mass. On the contrary, sometimes it
is difficult to differentiate among ‘military’ and “army”, which of them is considered
to be the jargonism and whether these words are jargonisms at all.
The next type of non-standard lexicon of the English language is slang. Slang is
the term that is used for any language that is used apart from the standard vocabulary
of English. After XXI century started its own revolutionary way of progress by
information technologies and the Internet, slang has become very common in the web
space and real world. For instance, today one one of the most popular social media are
Twitter and Instagram, where almost every people in their teens and twenties use slang
in order to communicate with each other both in spoken and written form. There are a
lot of slang words that are substituted from literary words of English language that exist
in this day and are used widely. One of the examples for this phenomenon can be the
following words: tbh, the term “pronouns”,
d worded, canceled, boomer, gen Z and
others. Each of them has special meaning behind and these words have never been used
before Internet and social media was created in their current meanings. As we can see,
modern slang is based on a big amount of abbreviations – this shows that youth prefers
not to spend too much time on typing and want to share the information in their heads
as fast as possible. TBH is also an abbreviation that means “to be honest”. For a person
who rarely uses social media and is not acquainted with slang, it
may be difficult to
“survive” in modern social media space just by using ordinary, widely accepted literary
English words. The people who do not know slang may be lost in the cyberspace. In
addition, the word cancelled which was only used by one meaning of “deciding that
the meeting or party will no longer take place”, now takes a complete different meaning
among teenagers. The new definition of the word cancel means something as “cancel
culture” which is identified by stopping the support of ideas and opinions of a particular
person because of the mistake he/she made and misconceptions he/she showed. By the
globalization and its spreading borders, we can make the difference between slang and
jargonisms. Moreover, jargonisms have a certain somehow “rude” character to people
who belong to other social groups than of one that uses the jargon words. Last but not
the least, there are words that are named vulgarisms. They are named this misleadingly
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because of their purpose of use, because mostly swear words and words that express
people’s anger are considered to be vulgarisms. Among them we can mention
“bloody”, “damn”, “to hell” and others. A lot of this kind of words can actually be seen
in modern literature of XX-XXI a lot, which tells that vulgarisms has become the way
of expressing one’s strong emotions and feelings.
In conclusion, English language cannot be fully
comprehend and understood
with the help of only literary language and non-standard language is proven to be more
widespread than literary one among masses. Therefore, in methodology and English
language teaching process, it is vital to take into account the wide usage of non-literary
words, such as jargonisms, slang and vulgar words. These words express the same
meaning as other literary words, some of the times even express more than the standard
words. Summing up, the problem of non-standard words should always be considered
as one of the important issues in linguistics and stylistics.
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