Plan of the lecture english literature of the XVII century


STRUGGLE AGAINST THE EVIL IN “PARADISE REGAINED”



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LECTURE 4

 
STRUGGLE AGAINST THE EVIL IN “PARADISE REGAINED” 
 
These criticisms are echoed in Milton’s 
Paradise Regained
, where Christ scorns 
as mere human pride the Stoic concept of virtue as equal to God, and the Stoic ideal of 
self - suffi ciency, asceticism, and trust in suicide as liberation. 
The Stoic last in philosophic pride, 
By him called virtue; and his virtuous man, 
Wise, perfect in himself, and all possessing, 
Equal to God, oft shames not to prefer, 
As fearing God nor man, contemning all 
Wealth, pleasure, pain or torment, death and life, 
Which when he lists, he leaves, or boasts he can, 
For all his tedious talk is but vain boast, 
Or subtle shifts conviction to evade. 
(Paradise Regained 4.297 – 321) 
As the culmination of the humanist synthesis of antiquity with contemporary 
culture, Milton stands at the point of intersection between the Renaissance and the 
Enlightenment. The critique of Stoicism which Milton here puts into the mouth of 
Christ echoes traditional Christian antipathy towards Stoicism. At the same time, in so 
far as they acknowledge the inassimilable alterity of Stoicism, these words presage 
change. By the time Paradise Regained was published in 1671, humanism was in the 
process of radical transformation, with profound implications for the status of the 
philosophies it had fostered. On the one hand, Bacon had challenged the authority of 


KHILOLA RAKHIMOVA, senior teacher, URSU 
14 
the ancients in matters of wisdom. On the other hand, Pyrrhonism had dissolved the 
old certainties of philosophy. The new philosophies of the seventeenth century declared 
their modernity by rejecting the past. With the success of Cartesianism, the laicisation 
of philosophy was complete, Descartes, in his answer to scepticism, having explicitly 
appealed to ‘common sense’ rather than tradition. The old currents of thought brought 
into view by humanism had become the province of history and imagination. It is 
Platonism, Stoicism, Scepticism, and Classical Imitation 119 perhaps no coincidence 
that the first English history of philosophy was written at this time, albeit one greatly 
indebted to classical sources – Thomas Stanley’s 

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