Microsoft Word Theoretical Course of English Grammar

Nino Kirvalidze
82
“
If you drove carefully
, you would not have so many accidents.”
(Meaning: “You do not drive carefully and you do have many accidents.”)
“
If you helped me
, you would be a true friend.”
“
If I were you
, I would never do that.” 
“
If the truth were known
, public opinion would change.” 
NOTE:
Unless
is not usually used in unreal (contrary-to-fact) conditions: 
“
If you did not drive carefully
, you would have many accidents.” (Meaning: 
You drive carefully, and, therefore, you do not have many accidents.”) 
3. In the third subtype of conditional clauses, which is called hypothetical 2, the speaker 
describes the conditions and results that were not fulfilled in the past, and, therefore, they are 
unreal for ever. Cf.: 
“
If you had brushed your teeth carefully
, you would have had fewer cavities.”
(Meaning: “You did not brush your teeth carefully at some time in the past,
and you had some cavities as a result.”)
Besides subordinating conjunctions, words and phrases, hypothetical conditional clauses 
can be introduced by the inverted word order:
“
Had you driven more carefully
, you would not have had so many accidents.” 
“
Were the truth known
, public opinion would change.” 
“
Should it rain tomorrow
, the meeting will be held in the auditorium.”
Adverbial clauses of cause and purpose. Causal adverbial clauses indicate the cause of the 
action expressed in the main clause. They are introduced by simple conjunctions 
because, as, 
since, for
and by phrasal conjunctions: 
for the reason that, on the ground that, considering that, 
seeing that
. For example:
“
Since you obviously don’t know how to behave in England
, I’ll take you
back to France directly.” 
“David was alone at home 
for Helen had gone to see her parents
.”
“I opened my umbrella 
because/as it was raining
.”
Clauses of purpose are introduced by simple conjunctions 
that, lest
and by phrase con-
junctions: 
in order that, so that
. It’s very important to remember that another indication to 

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Theoretical Course of English Grammar 
Script by prof.