Microsoft Word Theoretical Course of English Grammar



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Theoretical Course of English Grammar (Script)


parts of speech

nouns

verbs

adjectives
and 
adverbs

3.
Of all the word families, lexical words are the most numerous and their num-
ber is growing all the time. In other words, 
lexical words are members of 
open word classes

because people regularly add new words to these classes to 
name new concepts and inventions
. For instance, words like 
download
, upl-
oad, 
blog 
or 
e-mail
entered the language quite recently with the Internet rev-
olution. 
4.
Lexical words often have a complex internal structure
and can be composed 
of more than one morphemes. 
E.g.: 
unfriendliness

un

friend

li 

ness
.
5.
Lexical words can be heads of phrases
. For instance, in the noun phrase - 
the 
completion of the task
- the noun 
completion
is the head (or main word) of 
the phrase.


Theoretical Course of English Grammar 
Script by prof. 
Nino Kirvalidze
24
6.
Lexical words are generally the words that are stressed in speech

7.
Lexical words are the words that remain if a sentence is compressed in a 
newspaper headline
. E.g.: 
Elderly Care Crisis Warning
.
Function words 
1.
 
Function words do not have clear lexical meaning, they have only grammati-
cal function. 
2.
Function words can be categorized in terms of parts of speech such as deter-
miners (articles), prepositions, conjunctions and particles.
3.
Function words can’t perform independently any syntactic function in a sen-
tence, they usually indicate meaning relationships by showing how units are 
related to each other
. For example, the articles indicate whether a noun is de-
finite or indefinite – 
the boy
or 
a boy
. The preposition “of” indicates posses-
sion as in
the book of yours,
but this word indicates many other kinds of rela-
tions too.
4.
Function words belong to closed classes of words, which have a very limited 
and fixed membership. 
It is difficult to think of new conjunctions, preposi-
tions, or articles that have recently entered the language.
5.
Function words tend to occur frequently, and in almost any type of text

Inserts 
1.
Inserts are found mainly in spoken language

2.
 
Inserts don’t have any syntactic function in a sentence, but tend to be in-
serted freely in a text.
3.
Inserts are often marked off by a break in intonation in speaking, or by a 
punctuation mark in writing
. E.g.: 
Well, we made it
.


Theoretical Course of English Grammar 
Script by prof. 

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