Part 3,
New Ways of Thinking about Extractivism
reveals new contexts of extraction,
expressions of extractivism,
and extrACTIVIST innovations. In
Rethinking
Extractivism on China
’
s Belt and Road: Food, Tourism and Talent
, Li and Shapiro high-
light the role that a quickly globalizing China is playing in catalyzing and intensifying
novel forms of extraction and violence. In
Granting Rights to Rivers in Colombia: Sig-
ni
fi
cance for extrACTIVISM and Governance
, Richardson and McNeish consider the
signi
fi
cance of legal cases that recognize the personhood rights of rivers as a means to
control illegal mining and as an innovative form of extrACTIVISM. In
Extraction at
Your Fingertips,
Chagnon, Hagolani-Albov, and Hokkanen provide an analysis of a
complex web of extractivisms where digital and data extractivism intersect with
natural resource extractivisms in their underlying logic and processes. Finally, in
Carbon Removal and the Dangers of Extractivism,
Nicholson shows how the concept of
hyper-extractivism
can help us understand and guard against problematic potentials in
large-scale carbon removal activities at the level of the planetary atmosphere.
Part 4, the
fi
nal section, is devoted to a major chapter by Michael J. Watts,
Hyper-Extractivism and the Global Oil Assemblage: Visible and Invisible Networks in
Frontier Spaces
. Focusing primarily on the oil industry in the Arctic, Nigeria, and
Mexico, Watts details the planetary nature of extractive capitalism and reveals its
reliance on intertwined legal and illegal logics and actions. The chapter epitomizes
the multi-scalar and complex analysis that all of the contributors argue is needed to
understand the violence embedded in the hyper-extractivism of our age, and thus
it deserves space of its own at the volume
’
s
fi
nale.
The Story of the Book
This volume is the product of a multi-year research collaboration between the
Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian
University of Life Sciences and the Global Environmental Politics program at
American University
’
s School of International Service, with the support of the
Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in
12
John-Andrew McNeish and Judith Shapiro
Higher Education (DIKU).. Scholars from the two institutions who work on
environment and development identi
fi
ed the intensi
fi
cation of extraction and
concomitant violence as a key element of our age. They identi
fi
ed their multi-
disciplinary training as a core strength for a common research agenda, and invited
scholars from other institutions to join them, particularly including scholars with
extensive prior work on extraction and extractivism. These include Le Billon,
Middeldorp,and Watts, as well as scholars belonging to the Global Extractivisms
and Alternatives Project (EXALT) at the University of Helsinki (i.e. Chagnon,
Hagolini-Albov, Hokkanen, Durant, LaFleur and Kröger).
The scholars represented in the volume come from many di
ff
erent disciplinary
backgrounds: they are linked to geography, political ecology, global environmental
politics, development and resource economics, international relations, architecture,
environmental law, regional studies, and philosophy. They include senior scholars,
junior scholars, graduate students, and project associates. They come originally
from the USA, UK, Norway, Finland, Germany, Holland, France, Italy, Canada,
China, and New Zealand. Examples and cases span Latin America, Africa, Europe,
the USA, China, the Middle East, and the Arctic. We hope that the resulting
common research project will deepen and extend understanding of multi-scalar
extractive processes; we hope that it will o
ff
er fresh insights into the dynamics of
both the overt and hidden violence of such extraction; and we hope that it will
point a way forward in addressing the new forms of violence that characterize our
hyper-extractive age.
The editors and contributors wish to express gratitude to the Norwegian
Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher
Education (DIKU) for their support of this collaborative project and to
Professor Katharina Glaab for spearheading the administration of the grant. We
also thank Jacqueline Kessler, a graduate student at American University
’
s
Global Environmental Policy program, whose editorial support helped make
this project a delight.
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15
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