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Langue d’oc,
29
Lague d’oïl,
29
Lanham, L.W., 322, 349
Lapidge, Michael, 73, 106
Lardner, Ring, 313
Larger of two, 279
Laryngeals, 35
Lass, Roger, 16, 73
Lathrop, H.B., 251
Latin, 20, 28;
words from, 77, 79–92, 184, 214ff.;
influence of the First Period, 81;
influence of the Fourth Period, 233;
influence of the Second Period, 60;
influence of the Third Period, influence of the Zero Period, 79
Latin influences, chronological criteria, 77;
on Old English, 77ff.
Latin language in Britain, 46
Latvia, 30
Latvian, 30
“Launcelot Temple,” 286
Law words, 170
Layamon, 155, 163
Learning, words relating to, 172
Leeward Islands, English language in, 329
Legge, M.Dominica, 157
Lehmann, Winfred P., 16, 36, 39
Leidig, Paul, 295
Lemnos, 26
Lenze, J., 198
Leonard, Sterling A., 294
Le Page, R.B., 96, 349
Le Patourel, John, 126
Lethbridge, T.C., 49
Letters in English, 154
Leveled inflections, period of, 52
Lewis, J.Windsor, 407
Lewis, Robert E., 197
Lexical-Functional Grammar, 403
Lian, H.M., 17, 349
Index 427
Lightfoot, David W., 16
Ligurian, 28
Lindelöf, U., 345
Lighter, Jonathan E., 348
Lindisfarne, 87, 93
Lindkvist, H., 107
Lindsay, David, 156
Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English,
190
Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada, 376, 398ff.
Linguistic change, 16
Linguistic Society of America, 399
Linguistic Survey of Scotland, 317
Lippi-Green, Rosina, 314
Literary standard, 313
Lithuania, 31
Lithuanian, 31
Livingstone, David, 290
Livy, 205
Loanwords,
see under various language
(e.g., Latin, words from)
Locke, John, 255, 273
Lockwood, W.B., 41
Logeman, H., 104, 188
London, 93, 353, 388
London English, 194–95, 250, 419–21
Long, Mary M., 197
Longchamp, William, bishop of Ely, 123
Loss of final
n,
159
Loss of native words, 179
Lost inflections, period of, 52
Loth, J., 81
Loughton, William, 274
Louis IX, 130
Louisiana, 354–55
Louisiana Purchase, 354–55
Lounsbury, T.R., 17, 334, 392, 407
Louvain, Adelaide of, 118
Low countries, words from, 187
Low Dutch element in English, 188
Low German, 33, 183;
words from, 188
Lowell, James R., 392
Lower North dialect in America, 378, 380
Lower South dialect in America, 378, 381
Lowman, Guy S., 400
Lowth, Robert, 274–75, 277–81
Loyn, H.R., 106, 126
Luick, K., 236
Lüngen, W., 198
Lunny, A., 319
Lunt, Horace G., 36
Lusignan, Hugh of, 128
Luther, Martin, 34, 206
Index 428
Lycian, 26
Lydgate, John, 156, 185
Lydian, 26
McArthur, Tom, 16, 17, 348
Macaulay, T.B., 183, 293
McCawley, James D., 403
McDavid, Raven L, Jr., 331, 359, 376, 398, 400, 407
McDavid, Virginia G., 400
Macdonald, Dwight, 395
Macdonald, G., 72
Macedonia, languages of, 26
Macedonian, 31
Machan, Tim William, 16
McIntosh, Angus, 190, 198, 317, 323
Mackenzie, B.A., 197, 199, 236
Mackenzie, Fraser, 197
Mackie, W.S., 322
McKnight, G.H., 17, 347
McMillan, J.B., 382, 407
Maddicott, John R., 157
Mahn, C.A. F., 367
Maine (France), 116
Maine (U. S. A.), 353, 356
Maitland, F.W., 192
Malawi, English language in, 325
Malaysia, English language in, 327
Maldon, battle of, 70, 94
Malette, Sir Thomas, 250
Mallet, C.E., 140
Mallory, J.P., 42
Malmesbury, 85
Malmesbury, William of, 189
Malone, Kemp, 159, 338, 406
Malory, Sir Thomas, 156
Manuals of instruction in French, 121
Manx, 34
Map,Walter, 122, 141
Marathi, 24
March, F.A., 56, 334
Marchand, Hans, 347
Marche, Count de la, 130
Marckwardt, Albert H., 17, 406
Marcus Aurelius, 205
Markedness in grammar, 11
Marriage of French and English, 119
Marsh, George P., 17, 293, 336
Martial, 47
Maryland, 354
Mason, A.J., 106
Massachusetts Bay settlements, 352–53, 356, 387
Index 429
Mather,J. Y., 317, 348
Mathews, M.M., 357, 365, 366, 390, 406
Matilda, 118
Matthews, Albert, 365
Matthews, Brander, 334, 392, 407
Matthews, William, 348
Matthiessen, F.O., 251
Mawer, A., 75
Mayr-Harting, H., 106
Mayrhofer, Manfred, 41, 329
Meaning, change of, 3, 308 ff.;
degeneration of, 310;
differentiation of, 180;
extension of, 308;
narrowing of, 309;
regeneration of, 311
Meara, Paul, 12
Medicine, words relating to, 172, 297–98
Meech, Sanford B., 190
Meillet,A., 41, 42
Mencken, H.L., 369, 393, 398, 406
Mendenhall, John, 185, 198
Menger, L.E., 198
Mercia, 50, 70, 87
Mercian, 53
Mersand, Joseph, 197
Merton College Oxford, 140, 151
Mesick, Jane L., 406
Mesopotamia, 37
Messapian, 28
Methodius, 31
Mettig, Robert, 197
Mexican War, 355
Mexico, emigrants from, 352;
words from, 291, 303
Meyer, Ernst, 42
Meyer, P., 135
Michael, Ian, 294, 350
Michigan, 355
Mid-Atlantic English, 405
Middle Atlantic dialect, 380
Middle class, rise of, 142
Middle English, 52, 158 ff.;
dialects, 189, 409 ff.;
literature, 155
Middle Franconian, 34
Middle High German, 34
Middle Iranian, 25
Middle West, 354
Middlesex, 49
Midland dialect in American dialectology, 376 ff.
Milroy, James, 16, 314–15
Index 430
Milton, John, 183, 224, 230, 244, 262, 274, 351
Miller, Cristanne, 350
Millward, C.M., 17
Minkova, Donka, 68, 197, 239
Minnesota, 356
Mississippi, 354
Mississippi valley, 355
Missouri, 355
Mitchell, A.G., 320
Mitchell, Bruce, 56, 68–69, 73, 167
mod,
compounds and derivatives of, 64
Modern High German, 34
Modern Language Association of America, 399
Modiano, Marko, 405
Montfort, Amaury de, 129
Montfort, Simon de, 129, 133, 1337
Montgomery, Michael B., 407
Montgomery, Roger de, 129
Moore, J. L., 251
Moore, Samuel, 73, 159, 190, 197
More, Henry, 253
More, Sir Thomas, 225, 229, 230
Morris, E.E., 320
Morris, Richard, 334
Morris, W.A., 139
Morsbach, L., 198, 199, 236
Morville, Helewisia de, 121
Mossé, Fernand, 178, 293
Mossman, Jennifer, 305
Ms,
339
Much, M., 42
Mueller, Janel M., 251
Mufwene, Salikoko W., 383, 407
Mugnier, François, 157
Mulcaster, Richard, 204–205, 207, 212, 217, 220–21, 232, 251, 424
Munchensy, Dionysia de, 138
Munchensy, William de, 138
Murison, David, 317, 348
Murray, Sir James A.H., 252, 334, 343
Murray, K.M.Elisabeth, 350
Murray, Lindley, 275, 280, 358
Mustanoja, Tauno F., 167
Mutation, 78
Myres, J.N.L., 45, 72
Nanteuil, Samson de, 118
Napoleonic Wars, 296
Nash, Thomas, 223
Nassyngton, William of, 145
Native American languages, words from, 12, 290–91, 303, 362
Neolithic Age, 44
Index 431
Neologisms, 260
Nepal, English language in, 325
Netherlands, immigrants in America from, 353
Nettels, Curtis P., 406
New England, settlement of, 352;
dialect, 376, 379
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