Responsibility
Operations
window management
virtual void Redraw()
virtual void Raise()
virtual void Lower()
virtual void Iconify()
virtual void Deiconify()
...
graphics
virtual void DrawLine(...)
virtual void DrawRect(...)
virtual voi
d DrawPolygon(...)
virtual void DrawText(...)
...
Table 2.3: Window class interface
Window is an abstract class. Concrete subclasses of Window support thedifferent
kinds of windows that users deal with. For example,application windows, icons,
and warning dialogs are all windows, butthey have somewhat different behaviors.
So we can define subclasseslike ApplicationWindow, IconWindow, and DialogWindow
to capture thesedifferences. The resulting class hierarchy gives applications
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software
67
likeLexi a uniform and intuitive windowing abstraction, one that doesn'tdepend
on any particular vendor's window system:
Now that we've defined a window interface for Lexi to work with,where does the
real platform-specific window come in? If we're notimplementing our own window
system, then at some point our windowabstraction must be implemented in terms
of what the target windowsystem provides. So where does that implementation live?
One approach is to implement multiple versions of the Window class andits
subclasses, one version for each windowing platform. We'd have tochoose the version
to use when we build Lexi for a given platform.But imagine the maintenance headaches
we'd have keeping track ofmultiple classes, all named "Window" but each implemented
on adifferent window system. Alternatively, we could
createimplementation-specific subclasses of each class in the Windowhierarchy
—
and
end up with another subclass explosion problem like the onewe had trying to add
embellishments. Both of these alternatives haveanother drawback: Neither gives
us the flexibility to change thewindow system we use after we've compiled the
program. So we'll haveto keep several different executables around as well.
Neither alternative is very appealing, but what else can we do? Thesame thing
we did for formatting and embellishment, namely,
encapsulate the concept that
varies
. What varies in this case is thewindow system implementation. If we
encapsulate a window system'sfunctionality in an object, then we can implement
our Window class andsubclasses in terms of that object's interface. Moreover,
if thatinterface can serve all the window systems we're interested in, thenwe
won't have to change Window or any of its subclasses to supportdifferent window
systems. We can configure window objects to thewindow system we want simply by
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |