Lecture general characteristics



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2.6. Text of the Lecture



LECTURE
 
2.
 
GENERAL
 
CHARACTERISTICS
 
OF
 
SCIENTIFIC
 
PAPER:
 
STRUCTURE
 
&
 
FORMAT 
Even if you are not planning to publish a scientific paper, you may be asked 
to write in this format for a college course or other program. Because scientific 
papers are written in a specific format, it is both easy and necessary to learn how to 
write them well. Following the style guide and knowing the necessary content of 
each section will help you to develop your skills as a scientific writer.
1. Formatting the Paper 
Know your audience. If you are in a field that crosses disciplines, you might 
need to write the paper a bit differently than if you were aiming the information at 
one field. In some cases, you may want your study to be accessible to all readers, so 
you need to write the paper in a way that everyone will understand. In other cases, 
the audience may be people in the same field that have background knowledge of 
the subject. 
Since it is a technical paper, you will need to use some technical language, but 
avoid jargon for the sake of jargon and use acronyms only when absolutely 
necessary. 
Define all acronyms the first time you use the full word or phrase, then use 
the acronym throughout the rest of the paper. 
Use active voice. For the most part, journals will require you to use active 
voice. This is not the case for every journal so make sure to check the style guide 
before you start writing. To use active voice, write statements like “We performed 
this experiment…” instead of “The experiment was performed…” 
Follow the style guide for publication. If you are submitting the paper to a 
journal for publication, they will have a style guide or author guide that details all of 
the necessary formatting. It will tell you the maximum word count, the margin size
the font size/style, references format, etc. Following the author guide is absolutely 
necessary when submitting the paper for publication. 
Any restrictions on table/figure sizes or table/figure legends will also be 
included in the style guide. 
Organize the paper in the proper order. Every scientific paper is structured the 
same way. It starts with an abstract that briefly summarizes the paper and then leads 
into an introduction. The materials and methods come next, followed by the results. 
The paper concludes with the discussion section and a list of references. 
Some journals move the materials and methods to the end of the paper and/or 
combine the results with the discussion section. Check the style guide for the specific 
journal you are submitting to. 
Although this is the order the paper will be published in, it is not necessarily 
the best order to write each section. Follow the steps in the “Writing the Sections” 
for the best way to compose the paper. 

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