Bpp learning Media is an acca approved Content Provider

efficiency
. 
2.1 Henri Fayol: five functions of management 
Fayol
was an administrator and proposed universal principles of organisation. 
Fayol was a French industrialist who put forward and popularised the concept of the '
universality of 
management principles
': in other words, the idea that all organisations could be structured and 
managed according to certain rational principles. Fayol himself recognised that applying such principles 
in practice was not simple: 'Seldom do we have to apply the same principles twice in identical 
conditions; allowance must be made for different and changing circumstances.' 
Fayol (1967) classified five 
functions of management
which apply to any organisation. 
Function 
Comment 
Planning
Determining 
objectives
, and strategies, policies, programmes and procedures for 
achieving those objectives, for the organisation and its sub-units 
Organising
Establishing a 
structure of tasks
which need to be performed to achieve the goals of 
the organisation; grouping these tasks into jobs for individuals or teams; allocating 
jobs to sections and departments; 
delegating
authority to carry out the jobs; and 
providing 
systems of information 
and communication, for the co-ordination of 
activities 
Commanding
Giving 
instructions
to subordinates to carry out tasks, for which the manager has 
authority (to make decisions) and responsibility (for performance) 
Co-ordinating
Harmonising
the goals and activities of individuals and groups within the organisation. 
Management must reconcile differences in approach, effort, interest and timing in 
favour of overall (or 'super-ordinate') shared goals.