M01 laws tm4 5700. indd

partner, or in small groups. Go over the 
answers with the class.
Variation: 
For each item, have students 
predict the number of paragraphs in the 
body of the essay.
Longman Academic Writing Series 4, Fifth Edition, Teacher’s Manual 
●
Chapter Teaching Notes
22
© 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. 

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• Read the directions for Practice 5. Select 
an item to complete with the class as an 
example. Have students complete the 
remaining items alone or with a partner. 
This exercise may be done for homework.
• Go over students’ sentences from 
Practice 5. Write the numbers 1–8 on the 
board. Have students come up and write 
their sentences. Have different students 
read the items and indicate how many 
paragraphs the body of the essay will 
have. (This should be clear from the thesis 
statement.)
• Read the section on thesis statement pitfalls 
aloud, or have students read it. 
EXTENSION:
Have students revisit the paragraphs in 
Practice 2, page 80. Have them read each 
thesis statement and say (a) how the essay 
will be organized (time order, logical 
division, etc.) and (b) how many body 
paragraphs the essay will (or might) have. 
Body Paragraphs 
(page 86)
• Read the introduction and the directions 
for the Try It Out! activity. Make sure 
students understand that they will write one 
paragraph for each essay. Have students 
write their paragraphs in class or at home.
Variation: 
Have students write two 
group essays. Assign the topic sentences 
in the Try It Out! activity to different 
writers. When students have fi nished their 
paragraphs, add them to the introductions. 
(You can do this electronically or on a class 
bulletin board, if you have one.) At this 
point, the essays will not have a conclusion 
or transitions between paragraphs. You 
can have students add these components 
as you work through the sections on the 
concluding paragraph (page 87) and 
transition signals (page 93). 
The Concluding Paragraph 
(page 87)
• Read the introduction aloud. Have 
students read Techniques for Memorable 
Conclusions silently. This can also be done 
at home.
• Read the directions for Practice 6. Have 
students work with a partner to read the 
essay and the two concluding paragraphs. 
Then have them answer the questions about 
the essay. 
• Go over the answers with the class.
• Read the instructions for the Try It Out! 
activity. To provide extra support, discuss 
the concluding paragraphs before students 
write them. First, have students decide 
which technique from page 87 they will 
use for each conclusion. Second, have them 
decide if their conclusion will summarize or 
paraphrase the thesis statement. Then have 
them write their conclusions in class or at 
home. Collect students’ papers and provide 
feedback. 
Variation: 
Have students write one 
conclusion in groups and the second alone. 
EXTENSION:
Have students write conclusions for the 
group essays in the variation presented 
for the Body Paragraphs section (see left 
column). Post the conclusions to the class 
website or bulletin board.
PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION