Reading passages

World War II represented a transitional period 
for industrialised combatant countries. As far as 
infectious diseases are concerned, the five years of
continual war and occupation had affected 
civilian populations in Europe surprisingly less 
than did warfare in previous conflicts. The most 
notable increases in disease levels. were those of 
new case of tuberculosis, which rose steadily 
throughout Western Europe, and of reported 
cases of typhoid fever. Most seriously affected 
were displaced persons, encamped refugees and 
inmates of concentration camps. In marginally 
nourished 
and 
starving 
patients, 
typhus, 
dysentery, scarlet fever, and diphtheria caused 
sporadic outbreaks and many deaths.
163- It is emphasised in the passage that...... .
A) many of the deaths could have been avoided 
through better health care 
B) such infectious diseases such as typhus and 
dysentery caused the loss of many lives among the 
undernourished. 
C) Western Europe was not exposed to any of the 
infectious diseases during the war 
D) most of Western Europe was occupied for a 

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101 
large part of the war 
E) refugees and the homeless were adequately 
taken care of during the war 
 
164- The author explains that .................. .
A) among the homeless, it was children who were 
most seriously affected 
B) sanitary conditions in concentration camps were 
terrible 
C) 
owing 
to 
malnutrition, 
there 
was 
an 
unprecedented outbreak of tuberculosis among the 
fighting men 
D) during the Second World War, civilians were not 
affected by infectious diseases as much as it might 
have been expected 
E) due to the efficiency of health precautions, all the 
infectious diseases had only a marginal effect