CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 4
I CHAPTER. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NEVROUS SYSTEM ............... 5
1.1.
General structure of nervous system ................................................................... 5
1.2. Nervous center ..................................................................................................... 9
1.3.
Evolutuion of nervous system ........................................................................... 20
1.4. Structure of nervous tissue ................................................................................ 29
1.5. Neurons classification ....................................................................................... 32
1.6. Glial cells: their types and functions ................................................................. 35
1.7. Synapses of central nervous system .................................................................. 38
1.8. Reflex activity of nervous system ..................................................................... 41
II CHAPTER. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF
CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM SECTIONS ................................................................................................. 47
2.1. Spinal cord ......................................................................................................... 47
2.2. Structure and function of brain ......................................................................... 62
2.3. Medulla oblongata ............................................................................................. 64
2.4. Pons ................................................................................................................... 68
2.5. Cerebellum ........................................................................................................ 69
2.6. Diencephalon ..................................................................................................... 73
2.7. Prosencephalon .................................................................................................. 76
2.8. Thalamencephalon ............................................................................................ 77
2.9. Hindbrain ........................................................................................................... 82
2.10. Structure of hemispheres' cortex cells ............................................................. 83
2.11. Rhinencephalon ............................................................................................... 91
2.12. Lateral ventricles ............................................................................................. 91
2.13. Basal hemispheres cores ................................................................................. 92
2.14. Limbic system ................................................................................................. 93
2.15. White matter of hemispheres .......................................................................... 95
2.16. Features of
encephalon structure, differs human from animal .. ……………96
III CHAPTER. AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM .......................................... 97
3.1. Sympathetic nervous system ............................................................................. 98
215
3.2. Parasympathetic nervous system..................................................................... 100
3.3. Metasympathetic nervous system ................................................................... 103
3.4. Reflex activity of autonomous nervous system .............................................. 106
3.5. Influence of autonomous nervous system on drgans activity ......................... 108
IV CHAPTER. CONDITIONAL AND UNCONDITIONAL REFLEXES.
CONDITIONAL-REFLEX ACTIVITY OF HEMISPHERES CORTEX ............... 111
4.1. Reflex concept ................................................................................................. 111
4.2. Difference of conditional and unconditional reflexes ..................................... 114
4.3.
Components of conditional and unconditional reflexes .................................. 117
4.4. Diversity of conditional reflexes ..................................................................... 118
4.5. Rules of conditional reflexes formation .......................................................... 120
4.6. Signals of conditional reflexes ........................................................................ 124
4.7. Dependence of conditional reflexes from the
power of conditional and
unconditional stimuli .............................................................................................. 126
4.8. Conditional and unconditional reflexes of the first and second degrees ........ 127
4.9. Structure of temporal connection and mechanism of formation ..................... 128
4.10. Inhibition processes of cortex ....................................................................... 131
4.11. Analysis and synthesis of cortex stimuli ....................................................... 135
4.12. Systematic character of cortex function ........................................................ 137
4.13. Relationship of excitation and inhibition of cortex ....................................... 139
4.14.
Pathology of conditional reflexes .................................................................. 141
4.15.
Physiological mechanisms of locomotor skills formation ............................ 144
V CHAPTER. FEATURES OF HUMAN HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY ........ 149
5.1. The first and second signal systems ................................................................ 149
5.2. Development of signal systems in children .................................................... 153
5.3. Importance of cortex different zones in functions of
the second signal system
................................................................................................................................ 155
5.4. Relationship of the first and second signal systems with subcortical structures
................................................................................................................................ 159
5.5. Types and biologic significance of emotions .................................................. 161
5.6. Types and biologic significance of remember ................................................ 164
5.6. Sleep ................................................................................................................ 180
VI CHAPTER. TYPES OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY ............................... 189