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factor that was found to affect the child's development was family stress leading 
to a poor quality of parent-child interaction. That interaction was not necessarily 
bad in poorer families.
 
 
F.
 
These research findings are exciting. There is growing evidence in New Zealand 
that children from poorer socio-economic backgrounds are arriving at school less 
well developed and that our school system tends to perpetuate that disadvantage. 
The initiative outlined above could break that cycle of disadvantage. The concept 
of working with parents in their homes, or at their place of work, contrasts quite 
markedly with the report of the Early Childhood Care and Education Working 
Group. Their focus is on getting children and mothers access to childcare and 
institutionalised early childhood education. Education from the age of three to 
five is undoubtedly vital, but without a similar focus on parent education and on 
the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will 
not be enough to overcome educational inequity. 
 
Questions 1-4 
Reading Passage has six sections, A-F. 
 
Instructions to follow 
 
•
Which paragraph contains the following information? 
•
Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet. 
 
details of the range of family types involved in an education programme 
reasons why a child’s early years are so important
reasons why an education programme failed 

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a description of the positive outcomes of an education programme 
Questions 5-10 
 
 
Instructions to follow