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Educating the Student Body
Students are more likely to meet physical education learning standards if 
taught by certified physical education teachers.
Similarly, other cross-sectional studies have documented significant 
associations between policies designed to increase physical activity and/
or regulate physical education and greater frequency of physical education 
classes (from 2.0 days in 2004-2005 to 3.7 in 2006-2008), more time in 
structured physical activity and self-reported physical activity among stu-
dents in middle schools (Barroso et al., 2009), and overall physical activity 
in female high school students nationwide (Cawley et al., 2007). 
A systematic review of 13 studies concerning physical activity policies 
and legislation in schools (including physical education policies) found that 
the majority of the studies focused on policy implementation (Robertson-
Wilson et al., 2012). To date, only a handful of studies have evaluated 
impacts of mandates requiring 150 minutes of physical education per week 
(Slater et al., 2012) on student activity levels (Cawley et al., 2007; Barroso 
et al., 2009).