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Shawn Tomas Lyons Abdurauf Fitrat's Modern Bukharan Tragedy”International Journal of Central Asian Studies
Volume 5 2000 “
71
III.2. Abdurauf Fitratning “Xindistonda bir farangi ila Buxorolik bir
muddarisning bir nechta masalalar xamda usuli jadida xususida qilgan
munozarasi dramasini tarjimasi xususiyatlari
Adib Xalid O`zbek jadid nomoyandasi Abdurauf Fitratning “Xindistonda bir
farangi ila Buxorolik bir muddarisning bir nechta masalalar xamda usuli jadida
xususida qilgan munozarasi”(
The Debate between a Teacher from Bukhara and a
European
) dramasini ingliz tiliga ma`no jihatdan to`la-to`kis tarjima etib,
tushunishi qiyin bo`lgan so`zlarga izoh berib, nashr qildirdi. Bu Adib Xalidning
eng katta tarjima asari edi. Adib Xalid Abdurauf Fitrat haqida yozgan so`z boshida
shularni yozadi
«Abdurrauf Fitrat (Bukhara, 1886-1938) was the most prominent
modernist figure in Russian Central Asia, The son of a prosperous merchant,
Fitrat received a traditional Islamic education in Bukhara before being sent to
Istanbul by a Bukharan benevolent society in 1909, The four hectic years Fitrat
spent in Istanbul were formative of his worldview, He returned to Bukhara in 1914
and became involved in cultural and educational activities. In 1917, when the
Russian revolution opened up possibilities for political action, Fitrat emerged as
one of the main leaders of the Young Bukharans, as the reformist intellectuals
began to style themselves. When the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic was pro-
claimed in 1920, Fitrat served as the chief economic advisor and minister of
education. Fitrat's political stance of Bukharan nationalism proved unpalatable to
the Soviet regime in Moscow, and he was ousted from public office in 1923. He
spent the rest of his life as a scholar of the Turkic cultural heritage of Central
Asia, publishing numerous works on the language, literature, and music of Central
Asia.»
Tarjimasi “Abdurauf Fitrat (1886-1938. Buxoro) Rus xukmronligi ostidagi
Markaziy Osiyodagi eng mashhur zamonaviy shaxs bo`lib, katta savdogar o`g’li
bo`lib, 1909 yilga qadar to xomiylik qiluvchi jamiyat tomonidan Turkiyaga
o`qishga junatilmaguncha Buxorodagi an`anaviy islom maktablarida ta`lim olgan.
dunyoviy ilmlarni egallash uchun U to`rt yil ter to`kadi. U 1914 yilda Buxoroga
qaytadi va o`zini ko`p vaqtini madaniyatga va ta`limga qaratadi. Bu vaqtda
Rossiyadagi inqiloblar bunday xarakatlarga keng yo`l ochib berayotgan edi. Fitrat
72
Buxorolik YOshlar orasida asosiy etakchilik xususiyatlari bilan ajrala boshlaydi.
Buxorolik YOshlar Buxoroni Buxoro sovet respublikasi deb e`lon qilganida A.
Fitrat bosh iqtisod maslaxatchisi va ta`lim vaziri vazifasini bajaradi. Fitratning
Buxoro milatiga xos siyosiy qarashlari Moskvadagi sovet tuzimi g’oyalariga mos
kelmasdi, shu tufayli 1923 yilda ishidan olib tashlandi.U qolgan umrini Turkiy
madaniy tarixiga oid kitoblar yozishga va bir nechta markaziy Osiyoning tili,
adabiyoti va musiqasiga oid nashr etishga sarf qildi”. Bu satrlardan ko`rinib
turibdiki, muallifning A. Fitratga va uning xayoti ijodiga xurmati juda baland
bo`lgan. Biz buni A. Xalidning Fitratga bergan ta`riflardan ham payqashimiz
mumkin.
A Xalid Fitratning asarlarini o`zbek tilida mexr-muxabbat bilan o`qiganini
va yozuvchimizning asarlari unda katta taassurot qoldirganidan shunday deydi.
“The Debate between a Teacher from Bukhara and a European
(published in
Istanbul in Persian, 1 9 1 I ) , excerpted here, was the most popular work of Muslim
reformism in Central Asia before 1917, for the new-method schools defended by
Fitrat here”
ya`ni “Fitratning “Xindistonda bir farangi ila Buxorolik bir
muddarisning bir nechta masalalar xamda usuli jadida xususida qilgan
munozarasi” dramasi yangi usuldagi maktablarni yoqlab yozgan asari 1917 yilga
qadar yozilgan Markaziy Osiyodagi musulmonlar islohining eng mashhur asari
edi”
SHu tasurotlar tufayli tarjimon Fitratning ushbu dramasini ingliz tiliga
o`girib chop ettiradi. U tarjima qilishda qanday manbalardan foydalanganligi
haqida satr ostida izohlar beradi. Birinchi u ushbu drama tilidan kimlar ishlaginiga
va kimlar jadi va Fitrat ijodtga nazar tashlaganiga e`tiborini qaratadi.
Misol uchun:
1.
Abdurrauf Fitrat Bukharayi,
Munazara[-yi] Mudarris-i Bukharayi ba
yak Nafar Farangi dar Hindustan dar barah-yi Makatib-i Jadida (Debate between a
Teacher from Bukhara and a European in India about New Schools)
(Istanbul,
Ottoman Empire: Matba'a-i Islamiyya-i Hikmat, 1911-1912), pp. 30-53.
Translation from Persian by William L. Hanaway. Introduction 'by Adeeb Knalid.
73
2.
Hisao Komatsu,
Kakumei no Chuo Ajia: aru Jadiido no shozo
(Revolutionary Central Asia: Portrait of a Jadid)
(Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo University
Press, 1996); Stephane A. Dudoignon, "La question scolaire a Boukhara et au
Turkestan russe" (The Education Question in Bukhara and Russian Turkistan),
Cahiers du monde russe (Annals of the Russian World),
volume 37, 1996, pp. 133-
210; Adeeb Khalid,
The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central
Asia
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998); Edward A. Allworth.
The
Preoccupations of 'Abdurauf Fitrat, Bukharan Nonconformist: An Analysis and
List of His Writings
(Berlin. Germany: Das Arabische Buch, 2000).
Mutarjim dramani tarjima qilish jarayonida eski O`zbek tiliga hos bo`lgan
ba`zi bir atamalarni ingliz tiligi o`gigribgina qolmay o`larni ma`nosini satr ostila
izohlagnini ko`ramiz
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