Therapeutic Visitation
Whereas the court may order that a parent who is thought to be violent,
a predator, or a flight risk be restricted to supervised visitation, (James &
Gibson, 1991; Strauss, 1995; Tortorella, 1996),
therapeutic visitation
serves a complementary and distinct purpose. Therapeutic visitation
calls for a child to establish a trusting rapport with a mental health
Chapter 10
On Visitation Resistance and Refusal
175
professional explicitly for the purpose of diminishing visitation resis-
tance or—in those more extreme circumstances discussed in chapter
12—for the purpose of reunification.
In that the professional facilitating therapeutic visitation is treating
the damaged parent–child relationship, this service cannot suffice for
the individual support parent and child may each need.
5
Indeed, the
process of therapeutic visitation often calls for both the parent and the
child to have their own therapists with the understanding that all
professionals involved will be free to collaborate in the best interests
of the child.
Unfortunately, there is very little literature on the use of therapeutic
visitation (but see Hulett, 2004; Scharff, 2006; Tuckman, 2005). Many
state child protective agencies advertise “therapeutic visitation” pro-
grams among their services,
6
offering varying purposes and processes.
In some instances, the parent–child contact may be restricted to the
period that the mental health professional supervises, very much like
conventional supervised visitation. In other applications, therapeutic
visitation can be used as a means to transition into, transition out of,
or to “sandwich” the dyad’s time together.
In one variation (Garber, 2008a), therapeutic visitation can be
scheduled explicitly to respond to mild or moderate visitation resistance.
Used in this manner, the child is scheduled to spend 90 minutes with
the therapeutic visitation facilitator. The sending parent (the caregiver
with whom the child has most recently resided) delivers the child to
this meeting and spends the first 30 minutes, then departs. Child and
facilitator strategize together in anticipation of the receiving parent’s
arrival 30 minutes later. The receiving parent spends the final 30 minutes
with the child and facilitator and then the dyad departs for a scheduled
visit. For some children, the middle half-hour serves as a transition
buffer, a middle ground that allows him or her to shed one persona
and prepare the next without suffering the pressures of having to wear
both simultaneously, pressures that can, among other things, create
visitation resistance and refusal.
In another variation, the therapeutic visitation facilitator uses video
recording and subsequent feedback to help the parent–child dyad recog-
nize and change how they interact. Marvin and colleagues’ (e.g.,
Bakersman-Kranenberg et al., 2008; cf., Stolk et al., 2008) use of video
feedback to help parents of very young children become more sensitive
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |