Child Psychology and Psychiatry


Substance misuse in young people



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066 Child Psychology and Psychiatry

Substance misuse in young people
Table 32.1
Use of drugs and alcohol in young people in the UK, 2007/2010.
Substance
Use last year:
Use last month:
Lifetime use/use Regular use in
16—24-year-olds 16—24-year-olds last year:
11—15-year-olds and
11—15-year-olds 15—16-year-olds
Tobacco
NA
NA
29% (lifetime)
6% (more than one
cigarette per day in
11—15-year-olds): 7%
in boys and 4% in girls
Alcohol
NA
NA
51% (lifetime)
52% of boys and 55% of
girls aged 15—16
engaged in episodic
heavy drinking in the
last month
Cannabis
16.1%
16%
8.9% (last year) 9% of 15—16-year-olds
used in the last
month [6]
2% of 15—16-year-olds
reported harmful use
of cannabis
Cocaine (cocaine
powder and
crack)
5.6%
2.6%
1.8% (last year)
NA
Ecstasy
4.3%
1.9%
1.2% (last year)
NA
Alkyl nitrites
(‘poppers’)
3.2%
0.8%
1.8% (last year)
NA
Amphetamines
2.4%
0.7%
0.8% (last year)
NA
Opiates
0.3%
0.2%
0.7% (last year)
NA
Hallucinogens
1.5%
0.4%
2.2% (last year)
NA
Volatile
substances (glue)
3%
0.1%
5.5% (last year)
NA
Ketamine
1.7%
0.9%
0.6% (last year)
NA
Sources: Reproduced with permission from Flatley
et al
. [4], Fuller, Sanchez [5], and Hibell
et al
. [6].
and Development study estimated that 10% of
cannabis users would become dependent, and at
the age of 18 years, about 6% were dependent on
drugs or alcohol [2].
Given the natural history of substance use
in young people and the heterogeneity of the
patterns of use, most researchers and clinicians
struggle to define what constitutes substance
misuse in young people.
Definitions
International classificatory systems – the
Inter-
national Classification of Diseases, 10th revision
(ICD-10) and the
Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition
(DSM-
IV) – suggest that adult categories like ‘harmful
use’ and ‘dependence’ (ICD-10) and ‘substance
abuse’ and ‘dependence’ (DSM-IV) could be
reliably used to diagnose substance misuse in

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