Parent—child interactions
Retrospective and observational studies have
found that parents of anxious children have an
excess of controlling and/or rejecting styles of
child-rearing, high ‘expressed emotion’ with emo-
tional over-involvement towards their children. It
is unclear, however, whether the parenting style
contributes to the child’s anxiety, or vice versa.
It is possible that parental behaviour of this type
impedes the development of autonomy, so that the
child feels less safe and more anxious. Parents with
anxiety problems who feel threatened themselves
may promote the perception of threat in these
children and impede the development of coping
skills; children may therefore develop anxiety
problems via modelling.
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