Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

501
Chapter
21
Indoor Air Quality
21.1
Background
The concept of
indoor air quality
(IAQ) is not new. Publications as far
back as the early 1800s discuss the subject and suggest ventilation as
the solution. These early writers mostly recommended a minimum of
5 ft
3
/ min of outdoor air per person, but later writers increased that
number. The present ASHRAE Standard 62 value is 20 ft
3
/ min for
normal situations.
Most of this early work was done in England, where a number of
public buildings were provided with heating and ventilating systems,
including the House of Commons. Centrifugal fans were developed,
using small steam engines for motive power. Schools were a prime
target for ventilation, and by the early part of the twentieth century
the schoolroom unit ventilator was developed and advertised. Electric
motors were available by then. A three-story elementary school, built
in 1916, included an outdoor air-ventilation system with a direct cur-
rent motor-driven supply fan (rheostat control provided manual vari-
able volume!) and cast iron steam-heating coils in the ventilation air
for winter use. When the new science of air cooling came along, the
value of introducing outdoor air through the cooling / heating system
was obvious. And, as the material in the previous parts of this book
shows, present technology allows us to control outdoor air ventilation
very accurately.
But there is a great deal more to improving IAQ than simply using
outdoor air. Outdoor air is not necessarily ‘‘better’’ than indoor air, and
simple ventilation is not enough. We must also control humidity; tem-
perature; gaseous, particulate, bacterial and allergen contaminants;
as well as air movement within occupied spaces in order to provide a
comfortable and healthy environment.
Source: HVAC Systems Design Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.



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