Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

Part 1
Fluid Mechanics
16.1
Introduction
Fluid mechanics is a fundamental branch of civil, chemical, and me-
chanical engineering which deals with the behavior of liquids and
gases, particularly while flowing. This chapter provides a brief review
of the vocabulary and fundamental equations of fluid mechanics, and
reminds the HVAC designer of the scientific principles underlying
much of the day-to-day applied science calculations. See Ref. 1 or a
fluid mechanics text for additional detail.
16.2
Terms in Fluid Mechanics
Many words are used in fluid mechanics which carry over into ther-
modynamics and heat transfer. A few of the fundamental terms are
defined here for review.
Fluid:
A liquid or a gas, a material without defined form which
adapts to the shape of its container. Liquids are essentially incom-
pressible fluids. Gases are compressible. Newtonian fluids are those
which deform with a constant rate of shear. Water and air are new-
tonian fluids. Nonnewtonian fluids are those which deform at one
rate of shear to a point and then deform at a different rate. Blood
and catsup are nonnewtonian fluids.
Density

:
Mass per unit volume, lbm / ft
3
.
Source: HVAC Systems Design Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.


448
Chapter Sixteen
Figure 16.1
Conservation of mass.
Viscosity

:
Resistance to shear, force

time / (length)
2
.
Pressure P:
Force per unit area.
Velocity V:
Distance per unit time, ft / min, ft / s.
Laminar flow:
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