HVAC Engineering Fundamentals: Part 2
21
A wide variety of systems may be used to satisfy these various re-
quirements. Good practice is to use AHUs of various kinds with a
central chiller and heating plant. Common practice in motels and
some hotels is to use through-the-wall independent units in guest
rooms. These are frequently noisy and do not always provide a good
comfort level, but they respond to the ‘‘first-cost’’ market.
2.8.4
Educational facilities
A school is much more than classrooms and offices, although these
constitute the major portion of many schools. Comfort criteria apply
in classrooms and offices, including special-purpose classrooms, e.g.,
music, chemistry, physics, and biology rooms. There are special ex-
haust requirements in laboratory rooms, especially chemistry labs.
Auditoriums, with or without stages, have criteria peculiar to
theaters—somewhat lower temperatures because of dense occupancy,
a low background noise level, and avoidance of drafts in what is typ-
ically a high-airflow-rate situation. Many elementary schools and high
schools have smaller, distributed AHUs, single or multizone, with a
central plant source of heating and cooling. This approach is most
suitable in campus-style schools with several buildings, but there are
many other ways of air-conditioning these facilities.
At the college and university level, the facility takes on an institu-
tional character, with emphasis on higher-quality HVAC equipment
and systems, with longer life and lower maintenance costs. There are
many special-purpose buildings, including auditoriums and theaters,
radio and TV studios, laboratory facilities of many kinds, physical ed-
ucation facilities, natatoriums, sports arenas, dormitories (residence
criteria), support facilities such as maintenance shops and ware-
houses, and central plant facilities for heating and cooling, including
sometimes elaborate distribution systems.
The acoustic design of a good theater or concert hall should be such
that no electronic amplification is needed. The HVAC system must not
produce a noise which will interfere with the audience’s enjoyment of
the performance. (See the discussion of sound in Chap. 20, and note
the recommendation that the background noise level in a concert hall
not exceed 25 NC.) This is not easy to achieve; it requires careful
design and construction of both the building and the HVAC and elec-
trical systems.
Laboratory facilities associated with education, public health, or in-
dustry can have very complex requirements, including humidity con-
trol and high levels of cleanliness. Most laboratories require high rates
of exhaust and makeup air. The HVAC designer must work with the
user to determine the exact criteria for the facility. Because the user
HVAC Engineering Fundamentals: Part 2
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