E a c h ( o f ) , e v e r y a n d a l l
We can use each (of) and every with singular countable nouns to mean all things or people in a
group of two or more (each (of)) or three or more (every) (see also Unit 69):
• The programme is on every (or each) weekday morning at 10.00.
• Each (or every) ticket costs £35.
We use a singular verb after each (of) and every:
• Following the flood, every building in the area needs major repair
(not ...need...)
However, when each follows the noun or pronoun it refers to, the noun and verb are plural:
• Every student is tested twice a year. They are each given a hundred questions to do.
Notice that we use they, their and them to refer back to phrases such as 'each soldier', 'every
candidate' etc. which do not indicate a specific gender (male or female). Compare:
• Each woman complained that she (or they) had been unfairly treated.
• Every candidate said that they thought the interview was too long.
Often we can use every or each (of) with little difference in meaning. However:
we use every
• with almost, nearly, virtually, etc. that emphasise we are talking about a group as a whole:
• Almost every visitor stopped and
(not Almost each visitor...)
• if we are talking about a large group with an indefinite number of things or people in it:
• Before I met Daniel, I thought every small child liked sweets! (rather than ...each...)
• Every new car now has to be fitted with seat
(rather than ...each...)
• with a plural noun when every is followed by a number:
• I go to the dentist every six
(rather than ...each six months.)
• in phrases referring to regular or repeated events such as every other (kilometre), every single
(day), every so often, every few (months), every now and again (= occasionally).
• with abstract uncountable nouns such as chance, confidence, hope, reason, and sympathy to
show a positive attitude to what we are saying. Here every means 'complete' or 'total':
• She has every chance of success in her application for the job.
we use each
• if we are thinking about the individual members of the group. Compare:
• We greeted each guest as they entered. (Emphasises that we greeted them individually.)
• We greeted every guest as they entered. (Means something like 'all the guests'.)
• when we are talking about both people or things in a pair:
• I only had two suitcases, but each (one) weighed over 20 kilos.
When we use all (with plural or uncountable nouns) or every (with singular countable nouns) to
talk about things or people in a group they have a similar meaning:
• Have you eaten all the apples? • He ate every apple in the house.
However, when we use all or every to talk about time, their meaning is usually different:
• John stayed all weekend. (= the whole of the weekend)
• John stayed every weekend when he was at university. (= without exception)
D
everyone (or everybody)
= every person
anybody)
= any person at all
• Everyone knows who took the money.
• Tomorrow I'll write to everyone concerned.
• I haven't seen anyone all day.
• Did you meet anyone you know at the conference?
All (Of):
Each (of)
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