Coherence and Cohesion in English Discourse



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times we were told that we can’t, and the people who pressed on with that 
American creed: Yes we can.
At a time when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, 
she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes 
we can.
When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, 
she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new 
sense of common purpose. Yes we can.
When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she 
was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was 
saved. Yes we can.
She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a 
bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that We 
Shall Overcome. Yes we can.
A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world 
was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this 
election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because 
after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of 
hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can.
 
(Obama, victory speech, Election Day, 2008)
Obama’s review of achievements enables him to represent his electoral 
victory as the logical consequence of a continuous sequence of events on the 
national and global scene – the abolition of slavery, the granting of equal rights 
for women, the end of the Great Depression, World War II, the American space 
programme and the fall of the Berlin Wall. As the first non-white president of the 
USA, he stresses in particularly the legacy of the civil rights movement through 
the events in Montgomery, Birmingham and Selma and by reference to Martin 
Luther King, the 
preacher from Atlanta who told a people that We Shall Overcome

The association with King is enhanced by some parallels in their rhetorical styles, 


147
such as the use of metaphors and repetition. The rhythmical reiteration of the 
electoral slogan 
Yes we can
at the end of each one-sentence paragraph organizes 
the list of achievements into rhythmical units. The President-elect is represented 
as voicing the views of the people, thus boosting the patriotism of the audience 
and enhancing both the ideational and interpersonal coherence of the speech. The 
reaction of the audience who join the speaker in repeating the slogan proves the 
effectiveness
of this strategy in enhacing the dialogicity and persuasiveness of 
the rhetoric.
3. Narrative of achievements, reference to statistics
The persuasive force of a narrative of achievements may be fostered by the 
use of superlatives and reference to statistics. These strategies are frequently 
combined in State of the Union addresses, as the President is expected to provide 
convincing factual information to report on the state of the nation and prepare the 
ground for suggested future plans. Clinton’s 1999 State of the Union address (6) 
provides a good example of this.
(6)
Tonight I stand before you to report that America has created the longest 
peacetime economic expansion in our history – with nearly 18 million 
new jobs, wages rising at more than twice the rate of inflation, the highest 
homeownership in history, the smallest welfare rolls in 30 years – and the 
lowest peacetime unemployment since 1957. 
For the first time in three decades, the budget is balanced. From a deficit 
of $290 billion in 1992, we had a surplus of $70 billion last year AND 

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