Childhood Disrupted- how your biography becomes your biology, and how you can heal


How Early Adversity Changes the Shape and Size of the Brain



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Childhood Disrupted How Your Biography Becomes Your Biology, and How You Can Heal ( PDFDrive )

How Early Adversity Changes the Shape and Size of the Brain
When  a  young  child  faces  emotional  adversity  or  stressors,  cells  in  the  brain
release  a  hormone  that  actually  shrinks  the  size  of  the  brain’s  developing
hippocampus—altering his or her ability to process emotion and manage stress.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies show that the higher an individual’s
childhood trauma score, the smaller the cerebral gray matter, or brain volume, is
in  key  processing  areas  of  the  brain,  including  the  prefrontal  cortex,  an  area
related  to  decision-making  and  self-regulatory  skills;  the  amygdala,  or  fear-
processing  center  of  the  brain;  and  the  sensory  association  cortices  and
cerebellum,  both  of  which  affect  how  we  process  and  regulate  emotions  and
moods.
MRIs also show that kids raised in orphanages have much smaller brains than
those  of  others.  That  smaller  brain  volume  may  be  due  to  a  reduction  in  the
brain’s  gray  matter—which  is  made  up  of  brain  cells,  or  neurons—as  well  as
white  matter,  which  includes  nerves  (with  coated,  or  myelinated,  axons)  that
allow for the fast transmission of messages in the brain. Other studies show that


this  smaller-sized  amygdala  in  adults  who’ve  experienced  childhood
maltreatment shows marked “hyperactivity.” Frontal regions of the brain display
“atypical activation” throughout daily life—making individuals hyperreactive to
even very small stressors.

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