57
•
Observations of humanitarian practice in the case study countries revealed
examples where the neglect of cross-cutting issues created significant problems,
which were only addressed reactively by the clusters. This includes for example
food distribution practices creating acute security risks for women in Haiti
despite preparations by WFP; a lack of gender-segregated sanitation facilities in
camps in Haiti and DRC; a lack of prevention and planning for increased sexual
abuse and care for persons with special needs during camp closure in Uganda;
and a lack of consideration for environmental issues in response operations in
Haiti and DRC.
98
While the overall picture concerning cross-cutting issues is thus bleak, some
positive examples exist in areas where there is leadership on the issue and dedicated
capacities supported the mainstreaming of cross-cutting issues in clusters. In the
oPt, for example, the Disability Sub-Cluster coordinator in Gaza acted as an
advisor to other clusters and achieved significantly enhanced consideration for
concerns related to disability. In DRC, the work of a GenCap advisor requested
via UNICEF achieved that the WASH, NFI and Education Clusters at the
national level now have minimum commitments for girls, boys, men and women.
Similarly, the early recovery advisory function in the oPt strengthened awareness
of early recovery issues. The Logistics Cluster, finally, driven by a strong position
of WFP on the issue of HIV prevention in the transport sector, includes HIV/
AIDS concerns in its programs that were implemented for example in DRC.
99
Several factors explain why attention to cross-cutting issues is generally
insufficient:
•
It is unclear who bears what responsibility for promoting and integrating cross-
cutting issues at country and sub-national level: the global focal points for
cross-cutting issues, cluster lead organizations, coordinators, or OCHA and
the Humanitarian Coordinator as part of their inter-cluster coordination role.
•
It is unclear what should count as a cross-cutting issue. HIV/AIDS, for
example, was often seen predominantly as a health concern and was integrated
in the Health, Nutrition and HIV/AIDS Cluster in Uganda. By contrast, many
humanitarian actors would add other items to the list of cross-cutting issues,
for example early recovery, disaster risk reduction, protection as “do not harm”,
disability and human rights. Moreover, in the case of age, there is a confusion
whether the term refers to “old age” or all age groups.
•
Cluster coordinators often lack necessary expertise or time to focus on cross-
cutting issues and relevant guidance is often missing. Additional resources
and expertise for gender and protection are provided through GenCap and
ProCap, but similar initiatives do not yet exist for other cross-cutting issues.
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