speculative attack
, in which specula-
tors engage in massive sales of the currency. As the currency sales flood the mar-
ket, supply far outstrips demand, the value of the currency collapses, and a
currency crisis ensues (see the Stage Two section of Figure 9-3). High interest rates
abroad, increases in uncertainty, and falling asset prices all play a role. The dete-
rioration in bank balance sheets and severe fiscal imbalances, however, are the
two key factors that trigger speculative attacks and plunge an economy into a full-
scale, vicious, downward spiral of currency crisis, financial crisis, and meltdown.
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