Appendix 6
6.5
Words ending in -
e
(hop
e
, danc
e
, wid
e
etc.)
Verbs
If a verb ends in -
e
, we leave out
e
before the ending -
ing
:
hop
e
/hop
ing
smil
e
/smil
ing
danc
e
/danc
ing
confus
e
/confus
ing
Exceptions are
be
/
being
and
verbs ending in -
ee
:
s
ee
/see
ing
agr
ee
/agree
ing
If a verb ends in -
e
, we add -
d
for the past (of regular verbs):
hop
e
/hop
ed
smil
e
/smil
ed
danc
e
/danc
ed
confus
e
/confus
ed
Adjectives and adverbs
If an adjective ends in -
e
, we add -
r
and -
st
for the comparative and superlative:
wid
e
/wid
er
/wid
est
lat
e
/lat
er
/lat
est
larg
e
/larg
er
/larg
est
If an adjective ends in -
e
, we
keep
e
before -
ly
in the adverb:
polit
e
/polit
ely
extrem
e
/extrem
ely
absolut
e
/absolut
ely
If an adjective ends in -
le
(simp
le
, terrib
le
etc.), the adverb ending is -
ply
, -
bly
etc. :
sim
ple
/sim
ply
terri
ble
/terri
bly
reasona
ble
/reasona
bly
6.6
Doubling consonants (
stop
/
stopping
/
stopped
,
wet
/
wetter
/
wettest
etc.)
Sometimes a word ends in
vowel
+
consonant.
For example:
st
op
pl
an
r
ub
b
ig
w
et
th
in
pref
er
regr
et
Before the endings -
ing
/-
ed
/-
er
/-
est
, we double the consonant at the end. So
p
→
pp
,
n
→
nn
etc.
For example:
sto
p
pla
n
ru
b
bi
g
we
t
thi
n
p
→
pp
n
→
nn
b
→
bb
g
→
gg
t
→
tt
n
→
nn
sto
pp
ing
pla
nn
ing
ru
bb
ing
bi
gg
er
we
tt
er
thi
nn
er
sto
pp
ed
pla
nn
ed
ru
bb
ed
bi
gg
est
we
tt
est
thi
nn
est
If the word has more than one syllable (
prefer
,
begin
etc.), we double the consonant at the end
only if
the final syllable is stressed
:
preFER / prefe
rr
ing / prefe
rr
ed
perMIT / permi
tt
ing / permi
tt
ed
reGRET / regre
tt
ing / regre
tt
ed
beGIN / begi
nn
ing
If the final syllable is not stressed, we do
not
double the final consonant:
VISit / visi
t
ing / visi
t
ed
deVELop / develo
p
ing / develo
p
ed
HAPpen / happe
n
ing / happe
n
ed
reMEMber / remembe
r
ing / remembe
r
ed
In British English, verbs ending in -
l
have -
ll
- before -
ing
and -
ed
whether the final syllable is stressed
or not:
trave
l
/ trave
ll
ing / trave
ll
ed cance
l
/ cance
ll
ing / cance
ll
ed
For American spelling, see Appendix 7.
Note that
we do
not
double the final consonant if the word ends in
two
consonants (-
rt
,
-
lp
,
-
ng
etc.):
sta
rt
/ star
t
ing / star
t
ed he
lp
/ hel
p
ing / hel
p
ed lo
ng
/ lon
g
er / lon
g
est
we do
not
double the final consonant if there are
two
vowel letters before it (-
oil
,
-
eed
etc.):
b
oil
/ boi
l
ing / boi
l
ed n
eed
/ nee
d
ing / nee
d
ed expl
ain
/ explai
n
ing / explai
n
ed
ch
eap
/ chea
p
er / chea
p
est l
oud
/ lou
d
er / lou
d
est
qu
iet
/ quie
t
er / quie
t
est
we do
not
double
y
or
w
at the end of words. (At the end of words
y
and
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