Infrastructure =
services and basic
structures in an area. Infra- means ‘below;’ so
the infrastructure is the ‘basic structure
below’ a country, an economy, a business or
an organisation.
For example: More funding is required to
boost the crumbling infrastructure of the
country's production plants.
*Notes:
Funding = Money
Required = Needed
Boost = Improve or revitalise
Crumbling = decaying or run-down
Overpopulated (overpopulation)=
when
there are too many people in an area.
For example: The overpopulation in urban
areas has led to an increase in pollution and
inadequate housing among other issues. This
is something that needs to be addressed
sooner rather than later.
*Note: ‘sooner rather than later’ is an
expression to emphasise that something needs
to be done now not in the future.
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Outskirts =
the edge of a city, town or
village.
For example: I grew up on the outskirts of the
city, but I moved closer to the centre when I
started working. The commute was just too
long to do every day!
Isolated =
separated from others
For example: When I travelled round Mexico,
I visited an isolated community in the middle
of the desert. It was really interesting. Most of
the people there had never seen a foreigner
before, so they were really curious. They
were so welcoming and kind that I actually
felt a bit sad when I had to leave.
Inequality =
The opposite of equality.
Disparity or imbalance in something. Often
used to talk about people’s rights or living
standards.
For example: John Milton proposed a new
system designed to remove inequalities in
health care but it was rejected by his own
political party.
Overwhelmed = unable to deal with a
situation
For example: The healthcare system was
initially overwhelmed by the sheer number of
infections.
*Note: the word ‘sheer’ is used to express
that the only thing that affected the situation
was the thing you’re talking about. In the
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example, ‘the number of infections’, the
number of infections was the only or main
cause of the problem.
Shortage
= a lack of something
For example: Water shortages cause major
problems in some areas of the country.
Affluent
= rich / wealthy / prosperous
For example: I really admire my uncle Bob,
because he grew up in a very deprived area,
but he managed to set up several businesses
and he now lives in one of the most affluent
areas in town. I admire his drive and
ambition, as well as his creativity.
*Notes:
Deprived= poor
Grow up= when you’re raised in a certain
place
Set up = start businesses or projects
Drive= Determination (refusing to be
defeated)
Run-down =
when talking about things it
means old and neglected.
For example: Some parts of my city are quite
run-down, but the centre is very nice to walk
around and has……..
*Note: When talking about humans, ‘run-
down’ means tired-looking or looking slightly
ill.
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